Updated on 2024/07/12

写真a

 
HORIE Masayuki
 
Organization
Graduate School of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science Professor
School of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science
Title
Professor
Affiliation
Institute of Veterinary Science

Position

  • Graduate School of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science 

    Professor  2022.04 - Now

  • School of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science 

    Professor  2022.04 - Now

Degree

  • 博士(医学) ( Osaka University )

  • 学士(獣医学) ( Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine )

Research Areas

  • Life Science / Evolutionary biology

  • Life Science / Virology

  • Life Science / Veterinary medical science

Research Interests

  • Virome

  • Paleovirology

Research subject summary

  • ウイルスの複製機構の解明

  • 古代ウイルス学

  • ウイルスの進化

  • ウイルスの多様性

  • 内在性ウイルス様配列

Professional Memberships

  • 日本分子生物学会

    2019.10 - Now   Domestic

  • 日本ウイルス学会

    2008.06 - Now   Domestic

  • 日本獣医学会

    2007.03 - Now   Domestic

Committee Memberships (off-campus)

  • Ribozyviria Study Group   ICTV: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses  

    2022 - Now 

  • Bornaviridae Study Group   ICTV: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses  

    2016 - Now 

Awards

  • Good Reviewer賞

    2022   日本獣医学会  

  • 南部陽一郎記念若手奨励賞

    2022   大阪公立大学   脊椎動物ゲノムに内在するボルナウイルス由来遺伝子の発見と解析

  • 学術奨励賞

    2014.06   宇部興産学術振興財団  

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    Country:Japan

  • 山村賞

    2011.03   大阪大学  

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    Country:Japan

  • 育志賞

    2011.02   日本学術振興会  

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    Country:Japan

  • 獣医学会大会長賞

    2010.03   日本獣医学会  

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    Country:Japan

  • 獣医学奨励賞

    2010.03   日本獣医学会  

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    Country:Japan

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Job Career (off-campus)

  • 京都大学白眉センター/ウイルス・再生医科学研究所 特定准教授

    2017.01 - 2021.03

  • 鹿児島大学共同獣医学部 特任助教

    2013.10 - 2016.12

  • フライブルク大学 研究員(日本学術振興会海外特別研究員)

    2011.09 - 2013.09

  • 京都大学ウイルス研究所 特定研究員

    2011.04 - 2011.08

  • 大阪大学大阪大学微生物病研究所研究員(日本予防医学協会リサーチレジデント)

    2010.08 - 2011.03

Papers

  • ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Kolmioviridae 2024 Reviewed

    Jens H. Kuhn, Artem Babaian, Laura M. Bergner, Paul Dény, Dieter Glebe, Masayuki Horie, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Marcos de la Peña, Teemu Smura, Jussi Hepojoki

    Journal of General Virology   105 ( 2 )   2024.02( ISSN:0022-1317 ( eISSN:1465-2099

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Kolmioviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with circular, viroid-like genomes of about 1.5–1.7 kb that are maintained in mammals, amphibians, birds, fish, insects and reptiles. Deltaviruses, for instance, can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Kolmiovirids encode delta antigen (DAg) and replicate using host-cell DNA-directed RNA polymerase II and ribozymes encoded in their genome and antigenome. They require evolutionary unrelated helper viruses to provide envelopes and incorporate helper virus proteins for infectious particle formation. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Kolmioviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/kolmioviridae.

    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001963

  • Detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis in Japan.

    Kan Fujino, Masayuki Horie, Naoyuki Aihara, Junichi Kamiie, Satoshi Taharaguchi

    The Journal of veterinary medical science   2024.02

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:Domestic journal  

    Chicken chaphamaparvovirus causes diarrheal symptoms and can be detected in fecal samples. This study reports the detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in debilitated chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis at a broiler farm in Japan. After euthanasia and necropsy, liver hemorrhage was observed. Nuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes were identified using histological analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis using RNA from livers of three affected chickens revealed infection by chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all three chickens were positive for chicken chapparvovirus 2, and only one was positive for both chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. In conclusion, chicken chapparvovirus 2 causes infection in chickens in Japan and might be involved in hemorrhagic hepatitis.

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0415

    PubMed

  • Reverse genetics of parrot bornavirus 4 reveals a unique splicing of the glycoprotein gene that affects viral propagation Reviewed

    Ryo Komorizono, Kan Fujino, Susanne Kessler, Solveig Runge, Takehiro Kanda, Masayuki Horie, Akiko Makino, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Keizo Tomonaga

    Journal of Virology   97 ( 8 )   2023.08( ISSN:0022-538X ( eISSN:1098-5514

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    ABSTRACT

    Viruses can utilize host splicing machinery to enable the expression of multiple genes from a limited-sized genome. Orthobornaviruses use alternative splicing to regulate the expression level of viral proteins and achieve efficient viral replication in the nucleus. Although more than 20 orthobornaviruses have been identified belonging to eight different viral species, virus-specific splicing has not been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate that the glycoprotein (G) transcript of parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4; species Orthobornavirus alphapsittaciforme ), a highly virulent virus in psittacines, undergoes mRNA splicing and expresses a soluble isoform termed sGP. Interestingly, the splicing donor for sGP is not conserved in other orthobornaviruses, including those belonging to the same orthobornavirus species, suggesting that this splicing has evolved as a PaBV-4-specific event. We have also shown that exogenous expression of sGP does not affect PaBV-4 replication or de novo virion infectivity. In this study, to investigate the role of sGP in viral replication, we established a reverse genetics system for PaBV-4 by using avian cell lines and generated a recombinant virus lacking the spliced mRNA for sGP. Using the recombinant viruses, we show that the replication of the sGP-deficient virus is significantly slower than that of the wild-type virus and that the exogenous expression of sGP cannot restore its propagation efficiency. These results suggest that autologous or controlled expression of sGP by splicing may be important for PaBV-4 propagation. The reverse genetics system for avian bornaviruses developed here will be a powerful tool for understanding the replication strategies and pathogenesis of avian orthobornaviruses.

    IMPORTANCE

    Parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) is the dominant cause of proventricular dilatation disease, a severe gastrointestinal and central nervous system disease among avian bornaviruses. In this study, we discovered that PaBV-4 expresses a soluble isoform of glycoprotein (G), called sGP, through alternative splicing of the G mRNA, which is unique to this virus. To understand the role of sGP in viral replication, we generated recombinant PaBV-4 lacking the newly identified splicing donor site for sGP using a reverse genetics system and found that its propagation was significantly slower than that of the wild-type virus, suggesting that sGP plays an essential role in PaBV-4 infection. Our results provide important insights not only into the replication strategy but also into the pathogenesis of PaBV-4, which is the most prevalent bornavirus in captive psittacines worldwide.

    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00509-23

  • Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). Reviewed

    Jens H Kuhn, Junya Abe, Scott Adkins, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Virendra Kumar Baranwal, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Arnaud G Blouin, Steven B Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi, Kar Mun Chooi, Anya Crane, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, William M de Souza, Rik L de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J Felix Drexler, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Guozhong Feng, Andrew E Firth, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Thomas R Gaskin, Wenjie Gong, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, JoëlleGoüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Ines Günther, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Yusuke Hasegawa, Kazusa Hayashi, Jussi Hepojoki, Colleen M Higgins, Seiji Hongō, Masayuki Horie, Holly R Hughes, Adam J Hume, Timothy H Hyndman, Kenichi Ikeda, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, Ran Liu, Igor S Lukashevich, Robin M MacDiarmid, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, John W McCauley, Ali Mirazimi, Elke Mühlberger, Tomoyuki Nabeshima, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Francisco M Ochoa-Corona, Tomoyuki Okada, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K Plemper, Thomas S Postler, Lee O Rabbidge, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Pedro L Ramos-González, Marius Rehanek, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Thaís C S Rodrigues, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Sabrina Sadiq, Maria S Salvato, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Stephen R Sharpe, Mang Shi, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Venkidusamy Kavi Sidharthan, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Sawana Takeyama, Akio Tatara, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Xin Tian, Nicole D Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Thomas B Waltzek, Anna E Whitfield, Yuri I Wolf, Han Xia, Evanthia Xylogianni, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Kazutaka Yano, Gongyin Ye, Zhiming Yuan, F Murilo Zerbini, Guilin Zhang, Song Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Lu Zhao, Arnfinn Lodden Økland

    The Journal of general virology   104 ( 8 )   2023.08

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864

    PubMed

  • Genetic and phenotypic analyses of mcr-harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from companion dogs and cats in Japan Reviewed

    Mayo Yasugi, Shingo Hatoya, Daisuke Motooka, Daisuke Kondo, Hideo Akiyoshi, Masayuki Horie, Shota Nakamura, Terumasa Shimada

    Veterinary Microbiology   280   109695 - 109695   2023.05( ISSN:0378-1135

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109695

  • Nyamanini Virus Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein Organize Viral Inclusion Bodies That Associate with Host Biomolecular Condensates in the Nucleus Reviewed

    Yuya Hirai, Masayuki Horie

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences   24 ( 7 )   6550 - 6550   2023.03( eISSN:1422-0067

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Many mononegaviruses form inclusion bodies (IBs) in infected cells. However, little is known about nuclear IBs formed by mononegaviruses, since only a few lineages of animal-derived mononegaviruses replicate in the nucleus. In this study, we characterized the IBs formed by Nyamanini virus (NYMV), a unique tick-borne mononegavirus undergoing replication in the nucleus. We discovered that NYMV forms IBs, consisting of condensates and puncta of various sizes and morphologies, in the host nucleus. Likewise, we found that the expressions of NYMV nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) alone induce the formation of condensates and puncta in the nucleus, respectively, even though their morphologies are somewhat different from the IBs observed in the actual NYMV-infected cells. In addition, IB-like structures can be reconstructed by co-expressions of NYMV N and P, and localization analyses using a series of truncated mutants of P revealed that the C-terminal 27 amino acid residues of P are important for recruiting P to the condensates formed by N. Furthermore, we found that nuclear speckles, cellular biomolecular condensates, are reorganized and recruited to the IB-like structures formed by the co-expressions of N and P, as well as IBs formed in NYMV-infected cells. These features are unique among mononegaviruses, and our study has contributed to elucidating the replication mechanisms of nuclear-replicating mononegaviruses and the virus–host interactions.

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076550

  • Characterization of Megabat-Favored, CA-Dependent Susceptibility to Retrovirus Infection. Reviewed

    Sadayuki Ohkura, Masayuki Horie, Masumi Shimizu, So Nakagawa, Haruka Osanai, Yoshitaka Miyagawa, Rimpei Morita

    Journal of virology   e0180322   2023.02

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    The isolation of the Koala retrovirus-like virus from Australian megabats and the identification of endogenous retroviruses in the bat genome have raised questions on bat susceptibility to retroviruses in general. To answer this, we studied the susceptibility of 12 cell lines from 11 bat species to four well-studied retroviruses (human and simian immunodeficiency viruses [HIV and SIV] and murine leukemia viruses [B- and N-MLV]). Systematic comparison of retroviral susceptibility among bats revealed that megabat cell lines were overall less susceptible to the four retroviruses than microbat cell lines, particularly to HIV-1 infection, whereas lineage-specific differences were observed for MLV susceptibility. Quantitative PCR of reverse transcription (RT) products, infection in heterokaryon cells, and point mutation analysis of the capsid (CA) revealed that (i) HIV-1 and MLV replication were blocked at the nuclear transport of the pre-integration complexes and before and/or during RT, respectively, and (ii) the observed lineage-specific restriction can be attributed to a dominant cellular factor constrained by specific positions in CA. Investigation of bat homologs of the three previously reported post-entry restriction factors constrained by the same residues in CA, tripartite motif-protein 5α (TRIM5α), myxovirus resistance 2/B (Mx2/MxB), and carboxy terminus-truncated cleavage and polyadenylation factor 6 (CPSF6-358), demonstrated poor anti-HIV-1 activity in megabat cells, whereas megabat TRIM5α restricted MLV infection, suggesting that the major known CA-dependent restriction factors were not dominant in the observed lineage-specific susceptibility to HIV-1 in bat cells. Therefore, HIV-1 susceptibility of megabat cells may be determined in a manner distinct from that of primate cells. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have demonstrated the circulation of gammaretroviruses among megabats in Australia and the bats' resistance to HIV-1 infection; however, the origins of these viruses in megabats and the contribution of bats to retrovirus spread to other mammalian species remains unclear. To determine the intrinsic susceptibility of bat cells to HIV-1 infection, we investigated 12 cell lines isolated from 11 bat species. We report that lineage-specific retrovirus restriction in the bat cell lines can be attributed to CA-dependent factors. However, in the megabat cell lines examined, factors known to bind capsid and block infection in primate cell culture, including homologs of TRIM5α, Mx2/MxB, and CPSF6, failed to exhibit significant anti-HIV-1 activities. These results suggested that the HIV-1 susceptibility of megabat cells occurs in a manner distinct from that of primate cells, where cellular factors, other than major known CA-dependent restriction factors, with lineage-specific functions could recognize retroviral proteins in megabats.

    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01803-22

    PubMed

  • Large-scale investigation of zoonotic viruses in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Reviewed

    Junna Kawasaki, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    Microbiology and immunology   67 ( 1 )   1 - 13   2023.01

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Zoonotic diseases considerably impact public health and socioeconomics. RNA viruses reportedly caused approximately 94% of zoonotic diseases documented from 1990 to 2010, emphasizing the importance of investigating RNA viruses in animals. Furthermore, it has been estimated that hundreds of thousands of animal viruses capable of infecting humans are yet to be discovered, warning against the inadequacy of our understanding of viral diversity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled the identification of viral infections with relatively little bias. Viral searches using both symptomatic and asymptomatic animal samples by HTS have revealed hidden viral infections. This review introduces the history of viral searches using HTS, current analytical limitations, and future potentials. We primarily summarize recent research on large-scale investigations on viral infections reusing HTS data from public databases. Furthermore, considering the accumulation of uncultivated viruses, we discuss current studies and challenges for connecting viral sequences to their phenotypes using various approaches: performing data analysis, developing predictive modeling, or implementing high-throughput platforms of virological experiments. We believe that this article provides a future direction in large-scale investigations of potential zoonotic viruses using the HTS technology.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13033

    PubMed

  • The hidden diversity of ancient bornaviral sequences from X and P genes in vertebrate genomes. Reviewed

    Bea Clarise B Garcia, Yahiro Mukai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    Virus evolution   9 ( 1 )   vead038   2023

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    Authorship:Last author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are heritable sequences derived from bornaviruses in vertebrate genomes that originate from transcripts of ancient bornaviruses. EBLs have been detected using sequence similarity searches such as tBLASTn, whose technical limitations may hinder the detection of EBLs derived from small and/or rapidly evolving viral X and P genes. Indeed, no EBLs derived from the X and P genes of orthobornaviruses have been detected to date in vertebrate genomes. Here, we aimed to develop a novel strategy to detect such 'hidden' EBLs. To this aim, we focused on the 1.9-kb read-through transcript of orthobornaviruses, which encodes a well-conserved N gene and small and rapidly evolving X and P genes. We show a series of evidence supporting the existence of EBLs derived from orthobornaviral X and P genes (EBLX/Ps) in mammalian genomes. Furthermore, we found that an EBLX/P is expressed as a fusion transcript with the cellular gene, ZNF451, which potentially encodes the ZNF451/EBLP fusion protein in miniopterid bat cells. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient bornaviruses and co-evolution between bornaviruses and their hosts. Furthermore, our data suggest that endogenous viral elements are more abundant than those previously appreciated using BLAST searches alone, and further studies are required to understand ancient viruses more accurately.

    DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead038

    PubMed

  • 2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Reviewed

    Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Martina Bandte, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Laurent Bigarré, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Rémy Bruggmann, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Thierry Candresse, Jeremy Carson, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Yuya Chiaki, Anya Crane, Mark Crane, Laurent Dacheux, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, William M. de Souza, Rik L. de Swart, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J. Felix Drexler, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J. Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Guozhong Feng, Claudette Feuvrier, Andrew E. Firth, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Scott E. Godwin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Jussi Hepojoki, Melanie M. Hierweger, Seiji Hongō, Masayuki Horie, Hidenori Horikawa, Holly R. Hughes, Adam J. Hume, Timothy H. Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, David G. Karlin, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Michel C. Koch, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Jarmila Krásová, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, François Lieffrig, Igor S. Lukashevich, Dongsheng Luo, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, John W. McCauley, Ali Mirazimi, Peter G. Mohr, Nick J. G. Moody, Yasuaki Morita, Richard N. Morrison, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona, Gustavo Palacios, Laurane Pallandre, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K. Plemper, Thomas S. Postler, Françoise Pozet, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Marius Rehanek, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Artemis Rumbou, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Melanie Rupp, Sead Sabanadzovic, Takahide Sasaya, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Martin Schwemmle, Torsten Seuberlich, Stephen R. Sharpe, Mang Shi, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Jana Těšíková, Natalie J. Thornburg, Nicole D. Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Kenta Tsunekawa, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Junki Yamasaki, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Gongyin Ye, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Arnfinn Lodden Økland

    Archives of Virology   167 ( 12 )   2857 - 2906   2022.11( ISSN:0304-8608 ( eISSN:1432-8798

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05546-z

    PubMed

    Other URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-022-05546-z/fulltext.html

  • Borna Disease Virus 1 Phosphoprotein Forms a Tetramer and Interacts with Host Factors Involved in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and mRNA Processing. Reviewed

    Nicolas Tarbouriech, Florian Chenavier, Junna Kawasaki, Kamel Bachiri, Jean-Marie Bourhis, Pierre Legrand, Lily L Freslon, Estelle M N Laurent, Elsa Suberbielle, Rob W H Ruigrok, Keizo Tomonaga, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia, Masayuki Horie, Etienne Coyaud, Thibaut Crépin

    Viruses   14 ( 11 )   2022.10

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Determining the structural organisation of viral replication complexes and unravelling the impact of infection on cellular homeostasis represent important challenges in virology. This may prove particularly useful when confronted with viruses that pose a significant threat to human health, that appear unique within their family, or for which knowledge is scarce. Among Mononegavirales, bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae) stand out due to their compact genomes and their nuclear localisation for replication. The recent recognition of the zoonotic potential of several orthobornaviruses has sparked a surge of interest in improving our knowledge on this viral family. In this work, we provide a complete analysis of the structural organisation of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) phosphoprotein (P), an important cofactor for polymerase activity. Using X-ray diffusion and diffraction experiments, we revealed that BoDV-1 P adopts a long coiled-coil α-helical structure split into two parts by an original β-strand twist motif, which is highly conserved across the members of whole Orthobornavirus genus and may regulate viral replication. In parallel, we used BioID to determine the proximal interactome of P in living cells. We confirmed previously known interactors and identified novel proteins linked to several biological processes such as DNA repair or mRNA metabolism. Altogether, our study provides important structure/function cues, which may improve our understanding of BoDV-1 pathogenesis.

    DOI: 10.3390/v14112358

    PubMed

  • Isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a novel aviadenovirus from owls in Japan. Reviewed

    Hiroko Kobayashi, Yu Uchida, Kan Fujino, Masayuki Horie, Eisuke Umezawa, Naoyuki Aihara, Junichi Kamiie, Hiroshi Shimoda, Ken Maeda, Yumi Une, Satoshi Taharaguchi

    Archives of virology   167 ( 3 )   829 - 838   2022.03

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Adenoviruses have been reported to infect a variety of birds. Here, we isolated a novel adenovirus from the liver of a dead owl chick (Bengal eagle owl; Bubo bengalensis) at a raptor-breeding facility in Japan and determined the complete genome sequence of the virus. We performed necropsies on the dead owl chicks and found that they had enlarged livers, pericardial edema, and focal necrosis of the liver tissue. Transmission electron microscopy of the liver tissue revealed a virus-like structure, appearing as paracrystalline arrays in the nucleus, and immunohistochemical staining with anti-adenovirus antibodies showed positive reactions in hepatocytes and other cells. Attempts to isolate the virus from homogenized liver tissue of a dead owl chick showed a cytopathic effect on chicken-derived cultured cells after multiple blind passages. Further, we determined the complete genome sequence of this virus and performed phylogenetic analysis, revealing that this adenovirus belongs to the genus Aviadenovirus, forming a cluster with fowl and turkey aviadenoviruses. The amino acid sequence divergence between the DNA polymerase of this virus and its closest known adenovirus relative is approximately 29%, implying that this virus can be assigned to a new species in the genus Aviadenovirus. Based on our data, this novel owl adenovirus is a likely cause of fatal infections in owls, which may threaten wild and captive owl populations. Further, this virus is unique among raptor adenoviruses in that it infects chicken-derived cultured cells, raising the importance of further investigations to evaluate interspecies transmission of this virus.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05380-3

    PubMed

  • An endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein in miniopterid bats retains the RNA‐binding properties of the original viral protein Reviewed

    Yahiro Mukai, Masayuki Horie, Shohei Kojima, Junna Kawasaki, Ken Maeda, Keizo Tomonaga

    FEBS Letters   596 ( 3 )   323 - 337   2022.01

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) are sequences derived from bornaviral N genes in vertebrate genomes. Some EBLNs have been suggested to encode functional proteins in host cells; however, little is known about their evolution and functional relationship to the viral genes from which EBLNs originate. Here, we predicted functionality of EBLNs based on the properties of N as an RNA-binding protein. We showed an EBLN in miniopterid bats (miEBLN-1) has evolved under purifying selection and encodes an RNA-binding protein (miEBLN-1p) with biochemical properties similar to bornaviral N. Furthermore, we revealed miEBLN-1p interacts with host RNA-binding proteins, such as MOV10. These data suggest that miEBLN-1p has been exapted as an RNA-binding protein with similar properties to exogenous bornaviral N in miniopterid bats.

    DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14290

    PubMed

  • Squalomix: shark and ray genome analysis consortium and its data sharing platform.

    Osamu Nishimura, John Rozewicki, Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Kaori Tatsumi, Yuta Ohishi, Tazro Ohta, Masaru Yagura, Taiki Niwa, Chiharu Tanegashima, Akinori Teramura, Shotaro Hirase, Akane Kawaguchi, Milton Tan, Salvatore D'Aniello, Filipe Castro, André Machado, Mitsumasa Koyanagi, Akihisa Terakita, Ryo Misawa, Masayuki Horie, Junna Kawasaki, Takashi Asahida, Atsuko Yamaguchi, Kiyomi Murakumo, Rui Matsumoto, Iker Irisarri, Norio Miyamoto, Atsushi Toyoda, Sho Tanaka, Tatsuya Sakamoto, Yasuko Semba, Shinya Yamauchi, Kazuyuki Yamada, Kiyonori Nishida, Itsuki Kiyatake, Keiichi Sato, Susumu Hyodo, Mitsutaka Kadota, Yoshinobu Uno, Shigehiro Kuraku

    F1000Research   11   1077 - 1077   2022

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    The taxon Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) contains one of the long-established evolutionary lineages of vertebrates with a tantalizing collection of species occupying critical aquatic habitats. To overcome the current limitation in molecular resources, we launched the Squalomix Consortium in 2020 to promote a genome-wide array of molecular approaches, specifically targeting shark and ray species. Among the various bottlenecks in working with elasmobranchs are their elusiveness and low fecundity as well as the large and highly repetitive genomes. Their peculiar body fluid composition has also hindered the establishment of methods to perform routine cell culturing required for their karyotyping. In the Squalomix consortium, these obstacles are expected to be solved through a combination of in-house cytological techniques including karyotyping of cultured cells, chromatin preparation for Hi-C data acquisition, and high fidelity long-read sequencing. The resources and products obtained in this consortium, including genome and transcriptome sequences, a genome browser powered by JBrowse2 to visualize sequence alignments, and comprehensive matrices of gene expression profiles for selected species are accessible through https://github.com/Squalomix/info.

    DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123591.1

    PubMed

  • Borna disease virus phosphoprotein triggers the organization of viral inclusion bodies by liquid-liquid phase separation. Reviewed

    Yuya Hirai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    International journal of biological macromolecules   192   55 - 63   2021.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Inclusion bodies (IBs) are characteristic biomolecular condensates organized by the non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the order Mononegavirales. Although recent studies have revealed the characteristics of IBs formed by cytoplasmic mononegaviruses, that of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a unique mononegavirus that forms IBs in the cell nucleus and establishes persistent infection remains elusive. Here, we characterize the IBs of BoDV-1 in terms of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The BoDV-1 phosphoprotein (P) alone induces LLPS and the nucleoprotein (N) is incorporated into the P droplets in vitro. In contrast, co-expression of N and P is required for the formation of IB-like structure in cells. Furthermore, while BoDV-1 P binds to RNA, an excess amount of RNA dissolves the liquid droplets formed by N and P in vitro. Notably, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of BoDV-1 P is essential to drive LLPS and to bind to RNA, suggesting that both abilities could compete with one another. These features are unique among mononegaviruses, and thus this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of LLPS-driven organization and RNA-mediated regulation of biomolecular condensates.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.153

    PubMed

  • A comprehensive profiling of innate immune responses in Eptesicus bat cells Reviewed

    Hsien‐Hen Lin, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    Microbiology and Immunology   66 ( 3 )   97 - 112   2021.11( ISSN:0385-5600 ( eISSN:1348-0421

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Bats (Order: Chiroptera), including those of the genus Eptesicus, have been reported to serve as reservoirs of several zoonotic viruses. Notably, bats have been reported to lack obvious symptoms of infection with such viruses and are thought to have unique immune system responses. However, the responses of their innate immune system, the first line of immunity, remain largely unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles in two Eptesicus bat cell lines to investigate their innate immune responses. The gene expression profiles after polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] induction were similar between the two bat cell lines, but uniquely upregulated differentially expressed genes were also identified. We also revealed that the upregulated genes of Eptesicus bat cells were distinct from those of human epithelial cells in response to induction. Moreover, the basal expression levels of several immune-related genes were higher in bat cells than in human cells. We also identified unannotated novel transcripts that were upregulated after induction and novel microRNAs expressed in bat cells, some of which were upregulated by poly (I:C) treatment. This is the first report to illustrate the innate immune response in Eptesicus bat cells; therefore, this study provides basic and novel insights into bat innate immunity. Our data represent a valuable resource for future studies into bat immunity and the biology of Eptesicus bats.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12952

    PubMed

  • 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Reviewed

    Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V Alkhovsky Aльxoвcкий Cepгeй Bлaдимиpoвич, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J Bennett, Dennis A Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H Bird, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Judith K Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao 曹孟籍, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki 千秋祐也, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J Christopher S Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A Drebot, J Felix Drexler, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara 海老原秀喜, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W Ferguson, Anthony R Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B H Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu 付晶晶, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo 高福, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L Goldberg, Martin H Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han 韩彤, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong 洪健, Ni Hong 洪霓, Seiji Hongo 本郷誠治, Masayuki Horie 堀江真行, John S Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H Hyndman, M Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng 姜道宏, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono 上遠野冨士夫, Karia H Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō 近藤秀樹, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota 久保田健嗣, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Stanley L Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Eric M Leroy, Shaorong Li 李邵蓉, Longhui Li 李龙辉, Jiànróng Lǐ 李建荣, Huazhen Liu 刘华珍, Igor S Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M Miller, Tobi J Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki 夏秋知英, José A Navarro, Sergey V Netesov Heтёcoв Cepгeй Bиктopoвич, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa Άννα Παπά, Sofia Paraskevopoulou Σοφία Παρασκευοπούλου, Adam C Park, Colin R Parrish, David A Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R Pérez, Thomas S Postler, Liying Qi 亓立莹, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Bertus K Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya 笹谷孝英, Angela D Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi 施莽, Xiǎohóng Shí 石晓宏, Zhènglì Shí 石正丽, Yoshifumi Shimomoto 下元祥史, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song 송진원, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada 高田礼人, Shigeharu Takeuchi 竹内繁治, David P Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka 冨高保弘, Keizō Tomonaga 朝長啓造, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S Towner, Shinya Tsuda 津田新哉, Changchun Tu 涂长春, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi 宇杉富雄, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis Νίκος Βασιλάκης, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada 和田治郎, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Lin-Fa Wang 王林发, Guoping Wang 王国平, Yanxiang Wang 王雁翔, Yaqin Wang 王亚琴, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi 魏太云, Shaohua Wen 温少华, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu 吴建祥, Lei Xu 徐雷, Hironobu Yanagisawa 栁澤広宣, Caixia Yang 杨彩霞, Zuokun Yang 杨作坤, F Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai 翟立峰, Yong-Zhen Zhang 张永振, Song Zhang 张松, Jinguo Zhang 张靖国, Zhe Zhang 张哲, Xueping Zhou 周雪平

    Archives of virology   166 ( 12 )   3513 - 3566   2021.08

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6

    PubMed

  • The Borna disease virus (BoDV) 2 nucleoprotein is a conspecific protein that enhances BoDV-1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity Reviewed

    Takehiro Kanda, Masayuki Horie, Yumiko Komatsu, Keizo Tomonaga

    Journal of Virology   95 ( 21 )   e0093621   2021.08

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    An RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec) based on Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a promising viral vector that achieves stable and long-term gene expression in transduced cells. However, the onerous procedure of reverse genetics used to generate an REVec is one of the challenges that must be overcome to make REVec technologies practical for use. In this study, to resolve the problems posed by reverse genetics, we focused on BoDV-2, a conspecific virus of BoDV-1 in the Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus. We synthesized the BoDV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) according to the reference sequences and evaluated their effects on the RNA polymerase activity of the BoDV-1 large protein (L) and viral replication. In the minireplicon assay, we found that BoDV-2 N significantly enhanced BoDV-1 polymerase activity and that BoDV-2 P supported further enhancement of this activity by N. A single amino acid substitution assay identified serine at position 30 of BoDV-2 N and alanine at position 24 of BoDV-2 P as critical amino acid residues for the enhancement of BoDV-1 polymerase activity. In reverse genetics, conversely, BoDV-2 N alone was sufficient to increase the rescue efficiency of the REVec. We showed that the REVec can be rescued directly from transfected 293T cells by using BoDV-2 N as a helper plasmid without cocultivation with Vero cells and following several weeks of passage. In addition, a chimeric REVec harboring the BoDV-2 N produced much higher levels of transgene mRNA and genomic RNA than the wild-type REVec in transduced cells. Our results contribute to not only improvements to the REVec system but also to understanding of the molecular regulation of orthobornavirus polymerase activity. IMPORTANCE Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a prototype virus of the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, is a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus that persists in the host nucleus. The nucleoprotein (N) of BoDV-1 encapsidates genomic and antigenomic viral RNA, playing important roles in viral transcription and replication. In this study, we demonstrated that the N of BoDV-2, another genotype in the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, can participate in the viral ribonucleoprotein complex of BoDV-1 and enhance the activity of BoDV-1 polymerase (L) in both the BoDV-1 minireplicon assay and reverse genetics system. Chimeric recombinant BoDV-1 expressing BoDV-2 N but not BoDV-1 N showed higher transcription and replication levels, whereas the propagation and infectious particle production of the chimeric virus were comparable to those of wild-type BoDV-1, suggesting that the level of viral replication in the nucleus is not directly involved in the progeny virion production of BoDVs. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism of bornaviral polymerase activity, which will contribute to further development of vector systems using orthobornaviruses.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00936-21

    PubMed

  • Hidden Viral Sequences in Public Sequencing Data and Warning for Future Emerging Diseases Reviewed

    Junna Kawasaki, Shohei Kojima, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    mBio   12 ( 4 )   e0163821   2021.08

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    RNA viruses cause numerous emerging diseases, mostly due to transmission from mammalian and avian reservoirs. Large-scale surveillance of RNA viral infections in these animals is a fundamental step for controlling viral infectious diseases. Metagenomic analysis is a powerful method for virus identification with low bias and has contributed substantially to the discovery of novel viruses. Deep-sequencing data have been collected from diverse animals and accumulated in public databases, which can be valuable resources for identifying unknown viral sequences. Here, we screened for infections of 33 RNA viral families in publicly available mammalian and avian sequencing data and found approximately 900 hidden viral infections. We also discovered six nearly complete viral genomes in livestock, wild, and experimental animals: hepatovirus in a goat, hepeviruses in blind mole-rats and a galago, astrovirus in macaque monkeys, parechovirus in a cow, and pegivirus in tree shrews. Some of these viruses were phylogenetically close to human-pathogenic viruses, suggesting the potential risk of causing disease in humans upon infection. Furthermore, infections of five novel viruses were identified in several different individuals, indicating that their infections may have already spread in the natural host population. Our findings demonstrate the reusability of public sequencing data for surveying viral infections and identifying novel viral sequences, presenting a warning about a new threat of viral infectious disease to public health. IMPORTANCE Monitoring the spread of viral infections and identifying novel viruses capable of infecting humans through animal reservoirs are necessary to control emerging viral diseases. Massive amounts of sequencing data collected from various animals are publicly available, and these data may contain sequences originating from a wide variety of viruses. Here, we analyzed more than 46,000 public sequencing data and identified approximately 900 hidden RNA viral infections in mammalian and avian samples. Some viruses discovered in this study were genetically similar to pathogens that cause hepatitis, diarrhea, or encephalitis in humans, suggesting the presence of new threats to public health. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of reusing public sequencing data to identify known and unknown viral infections, indicating that future continuous monitoring of public sequencing data by metagenomic analyses would help prepare and mitigate future viral pandemics.

    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01638-21

    PubMed

  • BUD23-TRMT112 interacts with the L protein of Borna disease virus and mediates the chromosomal tethering of viral ribonucleoproteins. Reviewed

    Bea Clarise B Garcia, Masayuki Horie, Shohei Kojima, Akiko Makino, Keizo Tomonaga

    Microbiology and immunology   2021.07

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Persistent intranuclear infection is an uncommon infection strategy among RNA viruses. However, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, maintains viral infection in the cell nucleus by forming structured aggregates of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), and by tethering these vRNPs onto the host chromosomes. To better understand the nuclear infection strategy of BoDV-1, we determined the host protein interactors of the BoDV-1 large (L) protein. By proximity-dependent biotinylation, we identified several nuclear host proteins interacting with BoDV-1 L, one of which is TRMT112, a partner of several RNA methyltransferases (MTase). TRMT112 binds with BoDV-1 L at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain, together with BUD23, an 18S rRNA MTase and 40S ribosomal maturation factor. We then discovered that BUD23-TRMT112 mediates the chromosomal tethering of BoDV-1 vRNPs, and that the MTase activity is necessary in the tethering process. These findings provide us a better understanding on how nuclear host proteins assist the chromosomal tethering of BoDV-1, as well as new prospects of host-viral interactions for intranuclear infection strategy of orthobornaviruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12934

    PubMed

  • ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae. Reviewed

    Dennis Rubbenstroth, Thomas Briese, Ralf Dürrwald, Masayuki Horie 堀江真行, Timothy H Hyndman, Jens H Kuhn, Norbert Nowotny, Susan Payne, Mark D Stenglein, Keizō Tomonaga 朝長啓造, Ictv Report Consortium

    The Journal of general virology   102 ( 7 )   2021.07

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Members of the family Bornaviridae produce enveloped virions containing a linear negative-sense non-segmented RNA genome of about 9 kb. Bornaviruses are found in mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. The most-studied viruses with public health and veterinary impact are Borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, both of which cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Several orthobornaviruses cause neurological and intestinal disorders in birds, mostly parrots. Endogenous bornavirus-like sequences occur in the genomes of various animals. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Bornaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/bornaviridae.

    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001613

    PubMed

  • The mechanism underlying the organization of Borna disease virus inclusion bodies is unique among mononegaviruses

    Yuya Hirai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    2021.05

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    Authorship:Last author, Corresponding author  

    <title>Abstract</title>Inclusion bodies (IBs) are characteristic biomolecular condensates organized by mononegaviruses. Here, we characterize the IBs of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a unique mononegavirus that forms IBs in the nucleus, in terms of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The BoDV-1 phosphoprotein (P) alone induces LLPS and the nucleoprotein (N) is incorporated into the P droplet <italic>in vitro</italic>. In contrast, co-expression of N and P is required for the formation of IB-like structure in cells. Furthermore, while BoDV-1 P binds to RNA, an excess amount of RNA dissolves the liquid droplets formed by N and P. Notably, the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region of BoDV-1 P is essential to drive LLPS and bind to RNA, suggesting that both abilities could compete with one another. These features are unique among mononegaviruses, and thus this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of LLPS-driven organization and RNA-mediated regulation of biomolecular condensates.

    DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.24.445377

  • 100-My history of bornavirus infections hidden in vertebrate genomes. Reviewed

    Junna Kawasaki, Shohei Kojima, Yahiro Mukai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   118 ( 20 )   2021.05

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Although viruses have threatened our ancestors for millions of years, prehistoric epidemics of viruses are largely unknown. Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are ancient bornavirus sequences derived from the viral messenger RNAs that were reverse transcribed and inserted into animal genomes, most likely by retrotransposons. These elements can be used as molecular fossil records to trace past bornaviral infections. In this study, we systematically identified EBLs in vertebrate genomes and revealed the history of bornavirus infections over nearly 100 My. We confirmed that ancient bornaviral infections have occurred in diverse vertebrate lineages, especially in primate ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that primate ancestors were infected with various bornaviral lineages during evolution. EBLs in primate genomes formed clades according to their integration ages, suggesting that bornavirus lineages infected with primate ancestors had changed chronologically. However, some bornaviral lineages may have coexisted with primate ancestors and underwent repeated endogenizations for tens of millions of years. Moreover, a bornaviral lineage that coexisted with primate ancestors also endogenized in the genomes of some ancestral bats. The habitats of these bat ancestors have been reported to overlap with the migration route of primate ancestors. These results suggest that long-term virus-host coexistence expanded the geographic distributions of the bornaviral lineage along with primate migration and may have spread their infections to these bat ancestors. Our findings provide insight into the history of bornavirus infections over geological timescales that cannot be deduced from research using extant viruses alone, thus broadening our perspective on virus-host coevolution.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026235118

    PubMed

  • A human endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein encodes a mitochondrial protein associated with cell viability. Reviewed

    Kan Fujino, Masayuki Horie, Shohei Kojima, Sae Shimizu, Aya Nabekura, Hiroko Kobayashi, Akiko Makino, Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga

    Journal of virology   95 ( 14 )   e0203020   2021.05

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are sequences in animal genomes that originated from ancient retrovirus infections; they provide genetic novelty in hosts by being co-opted as functional genes or elements during evolution. Recently, we demonstrated that endogenous elements from not only retroviruses but also from non-retroviral RNA viruses are a possible source of functional genes in host animals. The remnants of ancient bornavirus infections, called endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs), are present in the genomes of a wide variety of vertebrate species, and some express functional products in host cells. Previous studies have predicted that the human EBL locus derived from bornavirus nucleoprotein, termed hsEBLN-2, expresses mRNA encoding a protein, suggesting that hsEBLN-2 have acquired a cellular function during the evolution. However, the detailed function of the hsEBLN-2-derived product remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that the hsEBLN-2-derived protein, E2, encodes a mitochondrial protein that interacts with mitochondrial host factors associated with apoptosis, such as HAX-1. We also demonstrate that knockdown of hsEBLN-2-derived RNA increased the levels of PARP and caspase-3 cleavage and markedly decreased the cell viability. In contrast, overexpression of E2 enhanced the cell viability, as well as the intracellular stability of HAX-1, under stress conditions. Our results suggest that hsEBLN-2 has been co-opted as a host gene, the product of which is involved in cell viability by interacting with mitochondrial proteins.ImportanceOur genomes contain molecular fossils of ancient viruses, called endogenous virus elements (EVEs). Mounting evidence suggests that EVEs derived from non-retroviral RNA viruses have acquired functions in host cells during evolution. Previous studies have revealed that a locus encoding a bornavirus-derived EVE, hsEBLN-2, which was generated approximately 43 million years ago in a human ancestor, may be linked to the development of some tumors. However, the function of hsEBLN-2 has not been determined. In this study, we found that the E2 protein, an expression product of hsEBLN-2, interacts with apoptosis-related host proteins as a mitochondrial protein and affects cell viability. This study suggests that non-retroviral RNA viral EVEs have been co-opted by hosts with more diverse functions than previously thought, showing a pivotal role for RNA virus infection in evolution.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02030-20

    PubMed

  • Virus-like insertions with sequence signatures similar to those of endogenous nonretroviral RNA viruses in the human genome. Reviewed

    Shohei Kojima, Kohei Yoshikawa, Jumpei Ito, So Nakagawa, Nicholas F Parrish, Masayuki Horie, Shuichi Kawano, Keizo Tomonaga

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   118 ( 5 )   2021.02

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Understanding the genetics and taxonomy of ancient viruses will give us great insights into not only the origin and evolution of viruses but also how viral infections played roles in our evolution. Endogenous viruses are remnants of ancient viral infections and are thought to retain the genetic characteristics of viruses from ancient times. In this study, we used machine learning of endogenous RNA virus sequence signatures to identify viruses in the human genome that have not been detected or are already extinct. Here, we show that the k-mer occurrence of ancient RNA viral sequences remains similar to that of extant RNA viral sequences and can be differentiated from that of other human genome sequences. Furthermore, using this characteristic, we screened RNA viral insertions in the human reference genome and found virus-like insertions with phylogenetic and evolutionary features indicative of an exogenous origin but lacking homology to previously identified sequences. Our analysis indicates that animal genomes still contain unknown virus-derived sequences and provides a glimpse into the diversity of the ancient virosphere.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010758118

    PubMed

  • Identification of a reptile lyssavirus in Anolis allogus provided novel insights into lyssavirus evolution. Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Hiroshi Akashi, Masakado Kawata, Keizo Tomonaga

    Virus genes   57 ( 1 )   40 - 49   2021.02

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) are negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. Although a lyssa-like virus (frog lyssa-like virus 1 [FLLV-1]), which is distantly related to lyssaviruses, was recently identified in frogs, a large phylogenetic gap exists between those viruses, and thus the evolution of lyssaviruses is unclear. In this study, we detected a lyssa-like virus from publicly available RNA-seq data obtained using the brain and skin of Anolis allogus (Spanish flag anole), which was designated anole lyssa-like virus 1 (ALLV-1), and determined its complete coding sequence. Via mapping analysis, we demonstrated that ALLV-1 was actively replicating in the original brain and skin samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ALLV-1 is more closely related to lyssaviruses than FLLV-1. Overall, the topology of the tree is compatible with that of hosts, suggesting the long-term co-divergence of lyssa-like and lyssaviruses and vertebrates. The ψ region, which is a long 3' untranslated region of unknown origin present in the G mRNA of lyssaviruses (approximately 400-700 nucleotides), is also present in the genome of ALLV-1, but it is much shorter (approximately 180 nucleotides) than those of lyssaviruses. Interestingly, FLLV-1 lacks the ψ region, suggesting that the ψ region was acquired after the divergence of the FLLV-1 and ALLV-1/lyssavirus lineages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify a lyssa-like virus in reptiles, and thus, our findings provide novel insights into the evolution of lyssaviruses.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01803-y

    PubMed

  • Identification of novel avian and mammalian deltaviruses provides new insights into deltavirus evolution. Reviewed

    Masashi Iwamoto, Yukino Shibata, Junna Kawasaki, Shohei Kojima, Yung-Tsung Li, Shingo Iwami, Masamichi Muramatsu, Hui-Lin Wu, Kazuhiro Wada, Keizo Tomonaga, Koichi Watashi, Masayuki Horie

    Virus evolution   7 ( 1 )   veab003   2021.01

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that requires hepadnavirus envelope proteins for its transmission. Although recent studies identified HDV-related deltaviruses in certain animals, the evolution of deltaviruses, such as the origin of HDV and the mechanism of its coevolution with its helper viruses, is unknown, mainly because of the phylogenetic gaps among deltaviruses. Here, we identified novel deltaviruses of passerine birds, woodchucks, and white-tailed deer by extensive database searches and molecular surveillance. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological analyses suggest that HDV originated from mammalian deltaviruses and the past interspecies transmission of mammalian and passerine deltaviruses. Further, metaviromic and experimental analyses suggest that the satellite-helper relationship between HDV and hepadnavirus was established after the divergence of the HDV lineage from non-HDV mammalian deltaviruses. Our findings enhance our understanding of deltavirus evolution, diversity, and transmission, indicating the importance of further surveillance for deltaviruses.

    DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab003

    PubMed

  • RNA Viral Metagenome Analysis of Subnanogram dsRNA Using Fragmented and Primer Ligated dsRNA Sequencing (FLDS). Reviewed

    Miho Hirai, Yoshihiro Takaki, Fumie Kondo, Masayuki Horie, Syun-Ichi Urayama, Takuro Nunoura

    Microbes and environments   36 ( 2 )   2021

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:Domestic journal  

    Fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) is a sequencing method applicable to long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that enables the complete genome sequencing of both double- and single-stranded RNA viruses. However, the application of this method on a low amount of dsRNA has been hindered by adaptor dimer formation during cDNA amplification and sequence library preparation. We herein developed FLDS ver. 3 by optimizing the terminal modification of an oligonucleotide adaptor and the conditions of adaptor ligation. We also examined the concentration of Mg2+ in the PCR reaction for cDNA amplification and the purification method of amplified cDNA. Fine sequence reads were successfully obtained from metagenomic shotgun sequencing libraries constructed from 10 and 100 pg dsRNA, and these libraries exhibited weaker detection sensitivity for low-abundance dsRNAs (viral genomes and genome segments) than that constructed from 1‍ ‍ng of dsRNA. We also report the utility of capillary electrophoresis for dsRNA quantification. The FLDS ver. 3 package expands the frontiers of our knowledge in RNA virus diversity and evolution.

    DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME20152

    PubMed

  • Identification of a novel filovirus in a common lancehead (<i>Bothrops atrox</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)) Reviewed

    Masayuki HORIE

    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science   83 ( 9 )   1485 - 1488   2021( ISSN:0916-7250

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0285

  • 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Reviewed

    Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Simon J Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Steven B Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J Christopher S Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M R Dávila, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L de Swart, Patrick L Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Leonie F Forth, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R Hughes, Timothy H Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A Lamb, Amy J Lambert, Stanley L Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R S Lemos, Eric M Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Giovanni P Martelli, Robert R Martin, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A Navarro, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L Økland, Renata C Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L Ramos-González, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Bertus K Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou

    Archives of virology   165 ( 12 )   3023 - 3072   2020.12

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    International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2

    PubMed

  • Evolutionary Selection of the Nuclear Localization Signal in the Viral Nucleoprotein Leads to Host Adaptation of the Genus Orthobornavirus. Reviewed

    Ryo Komorizono, Yukiko Sassa, Masayuki Horie, Akiko Makino, Keizo Tomonaga

    Viruses   12 ( 11 )   2020.11

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Adaptation of the viral life cycle to host cells is necessary for efficient viral infection and replication. This evolutionary process has contributed to the mechanism for determining the host range of viruses. Orthobornaviruses, members of the family Bornaviridae, are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, and several genotypes have been isolated from different vertebrate species. Previous studies revealed that some genotypes isolated from avian species can replicate in mammalian cell lines, suggesting the zoonotic potential of avian orthobornaviruses. However, the mechanism by which the host specificity of orthobornaviruses is determined has not yet been identified. In this study, we found that the infectivity of orthobornaviruses is not determined at the viral entry step, mediated by the viral glycoprotein and matrix protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence in the viral nucleoprotein (N) has evolved under natural selection and determines the host-specific viral polymerase activity. A chimeric mammalian orthobornavirus, which has the NLS sequence of avian orthobornavirus N, exhibited a reduced propagation efficiency in mammalian cells. Our findings indicated that nuclear transport of the viral N is a determinant of the host range of orthobornaviruses, providing insights into the evolution and host adaptation of orthobornaviruses.

    DOI: 10.3390/v12111291

    PubMed

  • Identification of a distinct lineage of aviadenovirus from crane feces. Reviewed

    Yahiro Mukai, Yuriko Tomita, Kirill Kryukov, So Nakagawa, Makoto Ozawa, Tsutomu Matsui, Keizo Tomonaga, Tadashi Imanishi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Tokiko Watanabe, Masayuki Horie

    Virus genes   55 ( 6 )   815 - 824   2019.12( ISSN:0920-8569

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Viruses are believed to be ubiquitous; however, the diversity of viruses is largely unknown because of the bias of previous research toward pathogenic viruses. Deep sequencing is a promising and unbiased approach to detect viruses from animal-derived materials. Although cranes are known to be infected by several viruses such as influenza A viruses, previous studies targeted limited species of viruses, and thus viruses that infect cranes have not been extensively studied. In this study, we collected crane fecal samples in the Izumi plain in Japan, which is an overwintering site for cranes, and performed metagenomic shotgun sequencing analyses. We detected aviadenovirus-like sequences in the fecal samples and tentatively named the discovered virus crane-associated adenovirus 1 (CrAdV-1). We determined that our sequence accounted for approximately three-fourths of the estimated CrAdV-1 genome size (33,245 bp). The GC content of CrAdV-1 genome is 34.1%, which is considerably lower than that of other aviadenoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CrAdV-1 clusters with members of the genus Aviadenovirus, but is distantly related to the previously identified aviadenoviruses. The protein sequence divergence between the DNA polymerase of CrAdV-1 and those of other aviadenoviruses is 45.2-46.8%. Based on these results and the species demarcation for the family Adenoviridae, we propose that CrAdV-1 be classified as a new species in the genus Aviadenovirus. Results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the diversity and evolution of viruses and provide additional information on viruses that infect cranes, which might lead to protection of the endangered species of cranes.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01703-w

    PubMed

  • Development of a Model of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in Microminipigs. Reviewed

    Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Masayuki Horie, Koki Onoue, Michiko Noguchi, Kohei Akioka, Tatsunori Masatani, Naoki Miura, Makoto Ozawa, Akihide Tanimoto

    Veterinary pathology   56 ( 5 )   711 - 714   2019.09

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) induces an often fatal gastrointestinal disease in piglets. In this study, we performed a PEDV infection experiment with the Microminipig, the smallest of experimental minipigs, as a novel small animal model. We orally inoculated a neonatal Microminipig with an intestinal homogenate of a PEDV-infected pig and housed it in a small cage originally designed for rats in an animal biosafety level 2 facility. The infected Microminipig showed the typical signs of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), such as watery diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. We also recognized a high amount of excreted PEDV in its rectal swabs and villus atrophy of the small intestine. These results suggest that the Microminipig is a good small animal model for PED, which may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV.

    DOI: 10.1177/0300985819839236

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. Reviewed

    Gaya K Amarasinghe, María A Ayllón, Yīmíng Bào, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Alexander Bukreyev, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Ursula J Buchholz, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Kartik Chandran, Chiara Chiapponi, Ian Crozier, Rik L de Swart, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Jan F Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Elliott W Kitajima, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Robert A Lamb, Antonio Lavazza, Benhur Lee, Davide Lelli, Eric M Leroy, Jiànróng Lǐ, Piet Maes, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Ana Moreno, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L Økland, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Alice Prosperi, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Mǎng Shī, Peter Simmonds, Sophie J Smither, Enrica Sozzi, Kirsten Spann, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Nikos Vasilakis, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, F Murilo Zerbini, Tāo Zhāng, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H Kuhn

    Archives of virology   164 ( 7 )   1967 - 1980   2019.07

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04247-4

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Interactions among eukaryotes, retrotransposons and riboviruses: endogenous riboviral elements in eukaryotic genomes. Reviewed

    Horie M

    Genes & genetic systems   2019.06( ISSN:1341-7568

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  • Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: second update 2018. Reviewed

    Piet Maes, Gaya K Amarasinghe, María A Ayllón, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Alexander Bukreyev, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Ursula J Buchholz, Kartik Chandran, Ian Crozier, Rik L de Swart, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L Domier, Jan F Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Elodie Ghedin, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Julia L Hurwitz, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Robert A Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M Leroy, Jiànróng Lǐ, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Peter Simmonds, Sophie J Smither, Qisheng Song, Timothy Song, Kirsten Spann, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Nikos Vasilakis, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Gōngyín Yè, F Murilo Zerbini, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H Kuhn

    Archives of virology   164 ( 4 )   1233 - 1244   2019.04

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In October 2018, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the establishment of three new families and three new genera, abolishment of two genera, and creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04126-4

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Parrot bornavirus infection: correlation with neurological signs and feather picking? Reviewed

    Horie M

    The Veterinary record   2019.04

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1136/vr.l1089

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    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Splicing-Dependent Subcellular Targeting of Borna Disease Virus Nucleoprotein Isoforms. Reviewed

    Kojima S, Sato R, Yanai M, Komatsu Y, Horie M, Igarashi M, Tomonaga K

    Journal of virology   2019.02

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Targeting of viral proteins to specific subcellular compartments is a fundamental step for viruses to achieve successful replication in infected cells. Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, uniquely replicates and persists in the cell nucleus. Here, it is demonstrated that BoDV nucleoprotein (N) transcripts undergo mRNA splicing to generate truncated isoforms. In combination with alternative usage of translation initiation sites, the N gene potentially expresses at least six different isoforms, which exhibit diverse intracellular localizations, including the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as intranuclear viral replication sites. Interestingly, the ER-targeting signal peptide in N is exposed by removing the intron by mRNA splicing. Furthermore, the spliced isoforms inhibit viral polymerase activity. Consistently, recombinant BoDVs lacking the N-splicing signals acquire the ability to replicate faster than wild-type virus in cultured cells, suggesting that N isoforms created by mRNA splicing negatively regulate BoDV replication. These results provided not only the mechanism of how mRNA splicing generates viral proteins that have distinct functions but also a novel strategy for replication control of RNA viruses using isoforms with different subcellular localizations.IMPORTANCE Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a highly neurotropic RNA virus that belongs to the orthobornavirus genus. A zoonotic orthobornavirus that is genetically related to BoDV has recently been identified in squirrels, thus increasing the importance of understanding the replication and pathogenesis of orthobornaviruses. BoDV replicates in the nucleus and uses alternative mRNA splicing to express viral proteins. However, it is unknown whether the virus uses splicing to create protein isoforms with different functions. The present study demonstrated that the nucleoprotein transcript undergoes splicing and produces four new isoforms in coordination with alternative usage of translation initiation codons. The spliced isoforms showed a distinct intracellular localization, including in the endoplasmic reticulum, and recombinant viruses lacking the splicing signals replicated more efficiently than the wild type. The results provided not only a new regulation of BoDV replication but also insights into how RNA viruses produce protein isoforms from small genomes.

    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01621-18

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01621-18

    PubMed

  • Phylogenetic variations of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in the Izumi plain, Japan, during the 2016-17 winter season. Reviewed

    Ozawa M, Matsuu A, Khalil AM, Nishi N, Tokorozaki K, Masatani T, Horie M, Okuya K, Ueno K, Kuwahara M, Toda S

    Transboundary and emerging diseases   66 ( 2 )   797 - 806   2018.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    During the 2016-2017 winter season, we isolated 33 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5N6 subtype and three low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) from debilitated or dead wild birds, duck faeces, and environmental water samples collected in the Izumi plain, an overwintering site for migratory birds in Japan. Genetic analyses of the H5N6 HPAIV isolates revealed previously unreported phylogenetic variations in the PB2, PB1, PA, and NS gene segments and allowed us to propose two novel genotypes for the contemporary H5N6 HPAIVs. In addition, analysis of the four gene segments identified close phylogenetic relationships between our three LPAIV isolates and the contemporary H5N6 HPAIV isolates. Our results implied the co-circulation and co-evolution of HPAIVs and LPAIVs within the same wild bird populations, thereby highlighting the importance of avian influenza surveillance targeting not only for HPAIVs but also for LPAIVs.

    DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13087

    PubMed

  • Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018. Reviewed

    Gaya K Amarasinghe, Nidia G Aréchiga Ceballos, Ashley C Banyard, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Andrew J Bennett, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Yíngyún Caì, Charles H Calisher, Cristine Campos Lawson, Kartik Chandran, Colin A Chapman, Charles Y Chiu, Kang-Seuk Choi, Peter L Collins, Ralf G Dietzgen, Valerian V Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L Domier, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Juan E Echevarría, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Conrad M Freuling, Elodie Ghedin, Tony L Goldberg, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Robert Kityo, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Robert A Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M Leroy, Piet Maes, Andrea Maisner, Denise A Marston, Sunil Kumar Mor, Thomas Müller, Elke Mühlberger, Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez, Sergey V Netesov, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Norbert Nowotny, Gustavo Palacios, Jean L Patterson, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Karla Prieto, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Stuart Siddell, Sophie J Smither, Qisheng Song, Timothy Song, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Sonia Vázquez-Morón, Claudio Verdugo, Viktor E Volchkov, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, James F X Wellehan, Michael R Wiley, Anna E Whitfield, Yuri I Wolf, Gōngyín Yè, Yǒng-Zhèn Zhāng, Jens H Kuhn

    Archives of virology   163 ( 8 )   2283 - 2294   2018.08

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine:International journal  

    In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3814-x

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Systematic estimation of insertion dates of endogenous bornavirus-like elements in vesper bats. Reviewed

    Mukai Y, Horie M, Tomonaga K

    The Journal of veterinary medical science   80 ( 8 )   2018.07

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0211

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    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Paleovirology of bornaviruses: What can be learned from molecular fossils of bornaviruses Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    Virus Research   2018( ISSN:1872-7492

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are virus-derived sequences embedded in eukaryotic genomes formed by germline integration of viral sequences. As many EVEs were integrated into eukaryotic genomes millions of years ago, EVEs are considered molecular fossils of viruses. EVEs can be valuable informational sources about ancient viruses, including their time scale, geographical distribution, genetic information, and hosts. Although integration of viral sequences is not required for replications of viruses other than retroviruses, many non-retroviral EVEs have been reported to exist in eukaryotes. Investigation of these EVEs has expanded our knowledge regarding virus–host interactions, as well as provided information on ancient viruses. Among them, EVEs derived from bornaviruses, non-retroviral RNA viruses, have been relatively well studied. Bornavirus-derived EVEs are widely distributed in animal genomes, including the human genome, and the history of bornaviruses can be dated back to more than 65 million years. Although there are several reports focusing on the biological significance of bornavirus-derived sequences in mammals, paleovirology of bornaviruses has not yet been well described and summarized. In this paper, we describe what can be learned about bornaviruses from endogenous bornavirus-like elements from the view of paleovirology using published results and our novel data.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.006

    PubMed

  • Genetic characterization of an avian H4N6 influenza virus isolated from the Izumi plain, Japan Reviewed

    Kosuke Okuya, Norihiro Kanazawa, Takehiro Kanda, Masakazu Kuwahara, Aya Matsuu, Masayuki Horie, Tatsunori Masatani, Shigehisa Toda, Makoto Ozawa

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY   61 ( 11 )   513 - 518   2017.11( ISSN:0385-5600 ( eISSN:1348-0421

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    An influenza A virus of H4N6 subtype was isolated from the Izumi plain, Japan, in 2013. Genetic analyses revealed that two viral genes (M and NS gene segments) of this isolate were genetically distinct from those of the H4N6 virus isolated from the same place in 2012. Furthermore, three viral genes (PB2, PB1 and M gene segments) of this isolate share high similarity with those of the North American isolates of 2014. These results suggest a high frequency of genetic reassortment of avian influenza viruses in Asian waterfowl and intercontinental movements of avian influenza viruses via migratory waterfowl.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12545

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Identification and molecular characterization of novel primate bocaparvoviruses from wild western lowland gorillas of Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon Reviewed

    Chimene Nze-Nkogue, Masayuki Horie, Shiho Fujita, Eiji Inoue, Etienne-Francois Akomo-Okoue, Makoto Ozawa, Alfred Ngomanda, Juichi Yamagiwa, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara

    INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION   53   30 - 37   2017.09( ISSN:1567-1348 ( eISSN:1567-7257

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    Bocaparvoviruses have been studied extensively owing to their ability to cause respiratory illness or gastroenteritis in humans. Some bocaparvoviruses have been detected in non-human primates (gorillas and chimpanzees), but the diversity and evolution of these viruses are not fully understood. In this study, we collected 107 fecal samples from wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in Gabon to investigate the presence of bocaparvoviruses. Using a combination of pan-bocaparvovirus PCR and individual identification by microsatellite genotyping, we found that two samples from two apparently healthy infant gorillas were positive for bocaparvovirus. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the two gorilla bocaparvovirus strains are nearly identical and are closely related to viruses in the species Primate bocaparvovirus 2 (with 86.0% nucleotide identity to a human bocavirus 2 isolate). To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the presence of a non-human primate bocaparovirus within Primate bocaparvovirus 2. Our findings provide novel insights into the diversity and evolution of bocaparvoviruses and highlight the importance of surveying these viruses for the safe management of gorilla-based ecotourism. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.004

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • The biological significance of bornavirus-derived genes in mammals Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie

    CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY   25   1 - 6   2017.08( ISSN:1879-6257

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    The discoveries of sequences derived from non-retroviral viruses in eukaryotic genomes have significantly expanded our knowledge about virus evolution as well as the co-evolution between viruses and eukaryotes. However, the biological functions of such sequences in the host are largely unknown. Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) have been relatively well studied by molecular biological methods, which have provided evidence that some EBLs have been co-opted by their hosts. This review highlights the current knowledge on the biological significance of EBLs, and discusses possible functions of EBLs. Further, we highlight the importance of extensive surveillance of exogenous viruses for a better understanding of endogenous viral sequences as well as the co-evolution of viruses and eukaryotes.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.06.004

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017 Reviewed

    Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Yiming Bao, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Kim R. Blasdell, Alisa Bochnowski, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H. Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Peter L. Collins, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Ralf Duerrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Qi Fang, Pierre Formenty, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Elodie Ghedin, Robert M. Harding, Roger Hewson, Colleen M. Higgins, Jian Hong, Masayuki Horie, Anthony P. James, Daohong JiAng, Gary P. Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Robert A. Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M. Leroy, Ming Li, Andrea Maisner, Elke Muhlberger, Sergey V. Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L. Patterson, Susan L. Payne, Janusz T. Paweska, Michael N. Pearson, Rick E. Randall, Peter A. Revill, Bertus K. Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Sophie J. Smither, Qisheng Song, David M. Stone, Ayato Takada, Calogero Terregino, Robert B. Tesh, Keizo Tomonaga, Noel Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Viktor E. Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Peter J. Walker, Beibei Wang, David Wang, Fei Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, John H. Werren, Anna E. Whitfield, Zhichao Yan, Gongyin Ye, Jens H. Kuhn

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   162 ( 8 )   2493 - 2504   2017.08( ISSN:0304-8608 ( eISSN:1432-8798

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    In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials Reviewed

    Thomas S. Postler, Anna N. Clawson, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Christopher F. Basler, Sbina Bavari, Maria Benko, Kim R. Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H. Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Remi Charrel, Christopher S. Clegg, Peter L. Collins, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Joseph L. Derisi, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Ralf Duerrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Sebastian Emonet, Pierre Formenty, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Elodie Ghedin, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Balazs Harrach, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Daohong Jiang, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Andrew M. Kropinski, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Robert A. Lamb, Eric M. Leroy, Igor S. Lukashevich, Andrea Maisner, Arcady R. Mushegian, Sergey V. Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L. Patterson, Susan L. Payne, Janusz T. Paweska, Clarence J. Peters, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Bertus K. Rima, Victor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sead Sabanadzovic, Helene Sanfacon, Maria S. Salvato, Martin Schwemmle, Sophie J. Smither, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Keizo Tomonaga, Noel Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Viktor E. Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Arvind Varsani, Anna E. Whitfield, F. Murilo Zerbini, Jens H. Kuhn

    SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY   66 ( 3 )   463 - 473   2017.05( ISSN:1063-5157 ( eISSN:1076-836X

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    Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

    DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw096

    PubMed

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from Eptesicus nilssonii Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Takumi Akasaka, Sachiko Matsuda, Haruko Ogawa, Kunitoshi Imai

    JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE   78 ( 11 )   1727 - 1729   2016.11( ISSN:0916-7250 ( eISSN:1347-7439

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    Bats of the genus Eptesicus have several non-retroviral RNA virus-derived sequences in their genomes, among which an endogenous bornavirus-like L element, named eEBLL-1, was suggested to encode functional proteins in the hosts. However, the function of eEBLL-1 remains unclear due to a lack of appropriate investigation tools, such as cultured cells expressing eEBLL-1. Here, we established a continuous cell line, named HAMOI-EnK cells, from kidney of Eptesicus nilssonii. HAMOI-EnK cells are robust and could be passaged for at least 10 months. eEBLL-1 in the genomes of HAMOI-EnK cells retains an intact open reading frame. Additionally, eEBLL-1 is transcribed in the sense-orientation in cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that eEBLL-1 is transcribed in cultured cells.

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0274

    PubMed

    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Molecular epidemiological study of adenovirus infecting western lowland gorillas and humans in and around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon) Reviewed

    Chimene Nze Nkogue, Masayuki Horie, Shiho Fujita, Michiko Ogino, Yuki Kobayashi, Keijiro Mizukami, Tatsunori Masatani, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Aya Matsuu, Tetsuya Mizutani, Makoto Ozawa, Osamu Yamato, Alfred Ngomanda, Juichi Yamagiwa, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara

    VIRUS GENES   52 ( 5 )   671 - 678   2016.10( ISSN:0920-8569 ( eISSN:1572-994X

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    Adenoviruses are widespread in human population as well as in great apes, although the data about the naturally occurring adenovirus infections remain rare. We conducted the surveillance of adenovirus infection in wild western lowland gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (Gabon), in order to investigate naturally occurring adenovirus in target gorillas and tested specifically a possible zoonotic transmission with local people inhabiting the vicinity of the park. Fecal samples were collected from western lowland gorillas and humans, and analyzed by PCR. We detected adenoviral genes in samples from both gorillas and the local people living around the national park, respectively: the overall prevalence rates of adenovirus were 24.1 and 35.0 % in gorillas and humans, respectively. Sequencing revealed that the adenoviruses detected in the gorillas were members of Human mastadenovirus B (HAdV-B), HAdV-C, or HAdV-E, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. Although HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus detected in gorillas are genetically distinct from those detected in humans. The HAdV-C constitutes a single host lineage which is compatible with the host-pathogen divergence. However, HAdV-B and HAdV-E are constituted by multiple host lineages. Moreover, there is no evidence of zoonotic transmission thus far. Since the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus has been shown before, the current monitoring should be continued in a broader scale for getting more insights in the natural history of naturally occurring adenoviruses and for the safe management of gorillas' populations.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1360-8

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Synergistic antiviral activity of ribavirin and interferon-alpha against parrot bornaviruses in avian cells Reviewed

    Antje Reuter, Masayuki Horie, Dirk Hoeper, Annette Ohnemus, Andreas Narr, Monika Rinder, Martin Beer, Peter Staeheli, Dennis Rubbenstroth

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   97 ( 9 )   2096 - 2103   2016.09( ISSN:0022-1317 ( eISSN:1465-2099

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    Avian bornaviruses are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a widely distributed and often fatal disease in captive psittacines. Because neither specific prevention measures nor therapies against PDD and bornavirus infections are currently available, new antiviral strategies are required to improve animal health. We show here that the nucleoside analogue ribavirin inhibited bornavirus activity in a polymerase reconstitution assay and reduced viral load in avian cell lines infected with two different parrot bornaviruses. Furthermore, we observed that ribavirin enhanced type I IFN signalling in avian cells. Combined treatment of avian bornavirus-infected cells with ribavirin and recombinant IFN-alpha strongly enhanced the antiviral efficiency compared to either drug alone. The combined use of ribavirin and type I IFN might represent a promising new strategy for therapeutic treatment of captive parrots persistently infected with avian bornaviruses.

    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000555

    PubMed

    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016 Reviewed

    Claudio L. Afonso, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Krisztian Banyai, Yiming Bao, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Nicolas Bejerman, Kim R. Blasdell, Francois-Xavier Briand, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H. Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Jiasen Cheng, Anna N. Clawson, Peter L. Collins, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L. Domier, Ralf Duerrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Szilvia L. Farkas, Juliana Freitas-Astua, Pierre Formenty, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Yanping Fu, Elodie Ghedin, Michael M. Goodin, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H. Hyndman, Daohong Jiang, Elliot W. Kitajima, Gary P. Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Robert A. Lamb, Sergio Lenardon, Eric M. Leroy, Ci-Xiu Li, Xian-Dan Lin, Lijiang Liu, Ben Longdon, Szilvia Marton, Andrea Maisner, Elke Muhlberger, Sergey V. Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L. Patterson, Susan L. Payne, Janusz T. Paweska, Rick E. Randall, Bertus K. Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Sophie J. Smither, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Ayato Takada, Calogero Terregino, Robert B. Tesh, Jun-Hua Tian, Keizo Tomonaga, Noel Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Viktor E. Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, John A. Walsh, Peter J. Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Thierry Wetzel, Anna E. Whitfield, Jiatao Xie, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H. Kuhn

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   161 ( 8 )   2351 - 2360   2016.08( ISSN:0304-8608 ( eISSN:1432-8798

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    In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2880-1

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Exaptation of Bornavirus-Like Nucleoprotein Elements in Afrotherians Reviewed

    Yuki Kobayashi, Masayuki Horie, Ayumi Nakano, Koichi Murata, Takuya Itou, Yoshiyuki Suzuki

    PLOS PATHOGENS   12 ( 8 )   2016.08( ISSN:1553-7366 ( eISSN:1553-7374

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    Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs), the nucleotide sequence elements derived from the nucleoprotein gene of ancient bornavirus-like viruses, have been identified in many animal genomes. Here we show evidence that EBLNs encode functional proteins in their host. Some afrotherian EBLNs were observed to have been maintained for more than 83.3 million years under negative selection. Splice variants were expressed from the genomic loci of EBLNs in elephant, and some were translated into proteins. The EBLN proteins appeared to be localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum in African elephant cells, in contrast to the nuclear localization of bornavirus N. These observations suggest that afrotherian EBLNs have acquired a novel function in their host. Interestingly, genomic sequences of the first exon and its flanking regions in these EBLN loci were homologous to those of transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B). The upstream region of the first exon in the EBLN loci exhibited a promoter activity, suggesting that the ability of these EBLNs to be transcribed in the host cell was gained through capturing a partial duplicate of TMEM106B. In conclusion, our results strongly support for exaptation of EBLNs to encode host proteins in afrotherians.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005785

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Isolation and molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses collected in Japan in 2014 Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Mitsue Kabemura, Tatsunori Masatani, Aya Matsuu, Makoto Ozawa

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   161 ( 8 )   2189 - 2195   2016.08( ISSN:0304-8608 ( eISSN:1432-8798

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    Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), which is threatening the swine industry all over the world. In Japan, although there were no reported PED cases from 2007 to 2012, a large-scale PED outbreak started in 2013, causing severe economic losses. Although several PEDV studies have been conducted in Japan, more PEDV isolates and sequence information are needed to understand the molecular biology and epidemiology of PEDV. Here, we isolated seven Japanese PEDV strains from intestinal tissue samples collected in 2014 and determined the spike gene sequences of 13 Japanese PEDV strains, including the above seven isolates. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all of the strains are genetically distinct from classical Japanese PEDV strains isolated prior to 2013 and can be classified into two different genotypes: 12 strains belong to the North American clade composed of recent highly pathogenic PEDV strains, and the remaining one strain belongs to the so-called insertion deletion (INDEL) clade. These data suggest multiple PEDV invasions from abroad to Japan. Notably, compared to classical Japanese strains, all of the recent Japanese strains have two amino acid substitutions in a known neutralizing epitope. In addition, one of the strains acquired an additional mutation in another neutralizing epitope that is highly conserved among PEDVs, including the classical and recent isolates. Our isolates and findings will be useful for future investigations aimed at understanding, controlling, and preventing PED.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2900-1

    PubMed

    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Sequence determination of a new parrot bornavirus-5 strain in Japan: implications of clade-specific sequence diversity in the regions interacting with host factors Reviewed

    Ryo Komorizono, Akiko Makino, Masayuki Horie, Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY   60 ( 6 )   437 - 441   2016.06( ISSN:0385-5600 ( eISSN:1348-0421

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    In this study, the genome sequence of a new parrot bornavirus-5 (PaBV-5) detected in Eclectus roratus was determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus Bornavirus is divided into three major clades and that PaBV-5 belongs to clade 2, which contains avian viruses that exhibit infectivity to mammalian cells. Sequence comparisons of the regions known to interact with host factors indicated that the clade 2 avian viruses possess sequences intermediate between the clade 1 mammalian viruses and the clade 3 avian viruses, suggesting that the identified regions might contribute to the differences in virological properties between the three clades.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12385

    PubMed

    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene in bat genomes derived from an ancient negative-strand RNA virus Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Yuki Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Honda, Kan Fujino, Takumi Akasaka, Claudia Kohl, Gudrun Wibbelt, Kristin Muehldorfer, Andreas Kurth, Marcel A. Mueller, Victor M. Corman, Nadine Gillich, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Martin Schwemmle, Keizo Tomonaga

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   6   2016.05( ISSN:2045-2322

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    Endogenous bornavirus-like L (EBLL) elements are inheritable sequences derived from ancient bornavirus L genes that encode a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in many eukaryotic genomes. Here, we demonstrate that bats of the genus Eptesicus have preserved for more than 11.8 million years an EBLL element named eEBLL-1, which has an intact open reading frame of 1,718 codons. The eEBLL-1 coding sequence revealed that functional motifs essential for mononegaviral RdRp activity are well conserved in the EBLL-1 genes. Genetic analyses showed that natural selection operated on eEBLL-1 during the evolution of Eptesicus. Notably, we detected efficient transcription of eEBLL-1 in tissues from Eptesicus bats. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report showing that the eukaryotic genome has gained a riboviral polymerase gene from an ancient virus that has the potential to encode a functional RdRp.

    DOI: 10.1038/srep25873

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Chiropteran influenza viruses: flu from bats or a relic from the past? Reviewed

    Linda Brunotte, Martin Beer, Masayuki Horie, Martin Schwemmle

    CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY   16   114 - 119   2016.02( ISSN:1879-6257

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    The identification of influenza A-like genomic sequences in bats suggests the existence of distinct lineages of chiropteran influenza viruses in South and Central America. These viruses share similarities with conventional influenza A viruses but lack the canonical receptor-binding property and neuraminidase function. The inability to isolate infectious bat influenza viruses impeded further studies, however, reverse genetic analysis provided new insights into the molecular biology of these viruses. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in the field of the newly discovered bat-derived influenza A-like viruses. We also discuss whether bats are a neglected natural reservoir of influenza viruses, the risk associated with bat influenza viruses for humans and whether these viruses originate from the pool of avian IAV or vice versa.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.003

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Contribution of the interaction between the rabies virus P protein and I-kappa B kinase epsilon to the inhibition of type I IFN induction signalling Reviewed

    Tatsunori Masatani, Makoto Ozawa, Kentaro Yamada, Naoto Ito, Masayuki Horie, Aya Matsuu, Kosuke Okuya, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara, Makoto Sugiyama, Akira Nishizono

    JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY   97 ( 2 )   316 - 326   2016.02( ISSN:0022-1317 ( eISSN:1465-2099

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    The P protein of rabies virus (RABV) is known to interfere with the phosphorylation of the host IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and to consequently inhibit type I IFN induction. Previous studies, however, have only tested P proteins from laboratory-adapted fixed virus strains, and to the best of our knowledge there is no report about the effect of P proteins from street RABV strains or other lyssaviruses on the IRF-3-mediated type I IFN induction system. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of P proteins from several RABV strains, including fixed and street virus strains and other lyssaviruses (Lagos bat, Mokola and Duvenhage viruses), on IRF-3 signalling. All P proteins tested inhibited retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I)- and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-mediated IRF-3-dependent IFN-beta promoter activities. On the other hand, the P proteins from the RABV street strains 1088 and HCM-9, but not from fixed strains Nishigahara (Ni) and CVS-11 and other lyssaviruses tested, significantly inhibited I-kappa B kinase epsilon (IKK epsilon)-inducible IRF-3-dependent IFN-beta promoter activity. Importantly, we revealed that the P proteins from the 1088 and HCM-9 strains, but not from the remaining viruses, interacted with IKK epsilon. By using expression plasmids encoding chimeric P proteins from the 1088 strain and Ni strain, we found that the C-terminal region of the P protein is important for the interaction with IKK epsilon. These findings suggest that the P protein of RABV street strains may contribute to efficient evasion of host innate immunity.

    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000362

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication Reviewed

    Shoko Nakamura, Masayuki Horie, Tomo Daidoji, Tomoyuki Honda, Mayo Yasugi, Atsushi Kuno, Toshihisa Komori, Daisuke Okuzaki, Hisashi Narimatsu, Takaaki Nakaya, Keizo Tomonaga

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   90 ( 4 )   1788 - 1801   2016.02( ISSN:0022-538X ( eISSN:1098-5514

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    Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02246-15

    PubMed

  • Isolation of avian bornaviruses from psittacine birds using QT6 quail cells in Japan Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Yukiko Sassa, Haruko Iki, Kazumasa Ebisawa, Hideto Fukushi, Tokuma Yanai, Keizo Tomonaga

    JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE   78 ( 2 )   305 - 308   2016.02( ISSN:0916-7250 ( eISSN:1347-7439

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    Avian bornaviruses (ABVs) were recently discovered as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). Although molecular epidemiological studies revealed that ABVs exist in Japan, no Japanese isolate has been reported thus far. In this study, we isolated four strains of Psittaciform I bornavirus from psittacine birds affected by PDD using QT6 quail cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to isolate ABVs in Japan and to show that QT6 cells are available for ABV isolation. These isolates and QT6 cells would be powerful tools for elucidating the fundamental biology and pathogenicity of ABVs.

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0372

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Parrot bornavirus-2 and-4 RNA detected in wild bird samples in Japan are phylogenetically adjacent to those found in pet birds in Japan Reviewed

    Yukiko Sassa, Vuong Nghia Bui, Keisuke Saitoh, Yukiko Watanabe, Satoshi Koyama, Daiji Endoh, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga, Tetsuya Furuya, Makoto Nagai, Tsutomu Omatsu, Kunitoshi Imai, Haruko Ogawa, Tetsuya Mizutani

    VIRUS GENES   51 ( 2 )   234 - 243   2015.10( ISSN:0920-8569 ( eISSN:1572-994X

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    Bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae) are non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Avian bornaviruses (ABVs), which are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease, are a genetically diverse group with at least 15 genotypes, including parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) and aquatic bird bornavirus 1(ABBV-1). Borna disease virus 1(BoDV-1), which infects mammals and causes neurological diseases, has also been reported to infect avian species, although the numbers of the cases have been markedly fewer than those of ABVs. In this study, we conducted genetic surveillance to detect ABVs (PaBV-1 to -5 and ABBV-1) and BoDV-1 in wild birds in Japan. A total of 2078 fecal or cloacal swab samples were collected from wild birds in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2011, in two regions of Japan. The results demonstrated the presence of PaBV-2 and -4 RNA, while no positive results for other PaBVs, ABBV-1, and BoDV-1 were obtained. PaBV-2 and -4 RNA were detected in 18 samples (0.9 %) of the genera Anas, Grus, Larus, Calidris, Haliaeetus, and Emberiza, in which either PaBV-2 RNA or PaBV-4 RNA, or both PaBV-2 and -4 RNA were detected in 15 (0.7 %), 5 (0.2 %), and 2 (0.1 %) samples, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of PaBV-2 and -4 detected in these samples from wild birds are phylogenetically close to those found in samples from pet birds in Japan, with identities ranging from 99.8 to 100 % and from 98.2 to 99.4 %, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of PaBV-2 and -4 RNA detected in samples from wild birds.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1240-7

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Genetic and serological surveillance for non-primate hepacivirus in horses in Japan Reviewed

    Aya Matsuu, Seiji Hobo, Kunihide Ando, Takashi Sanekata, Fumio Sato, Yoshiro Endo, Tomohiko Amaya, Tomohiro Osaki, Masayuki Horie, Tatsunori Masatani, Makoto Ozawa, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara

    VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY   179 ( 3-4 )   219 - 227   2015.09( ISSN:0378-1135 ( eISSN:1873-2542

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    Non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV) is a recently discovered homolog of the hepatitis C virus in horses. The frequency and distribution of NPHV infections among horses in Japan is unknown. In this study, serum samples from 453 horses across Japan were screened for NPHV RNA using real-time RT-PCR and anti-nonstructural 3 protein (NS3) antibodies using the Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay. In order to monitor the course of NPHV infection in horses, we examined 31 stored samples (9 adult horses and 22 young horses) obtained one year ago and compared the results to the recent data. Stored sera from 7 mare-foal pairs were also examined. The NS3 region sequences of 14 NPHV strains from NPHV RNA positive serum samples were determined and analyzed phylogenically. Of the 453 serum samples tested, 33.55% were positive for anti-NS3 antibody and 13.68% were positive for NPHV RNA. We found a higher rate of NPHV RNA detection in serum obtained from young horses (1-2 years of age) than that of adults, in two geographically distinct areas. We observed higher variation in the course of infection over one year in young horses than in adult horses. The foals were infected with NPHV after the weaning period. Phylogenic analysis revealed that while NPHV NS3 genes isolated in Japan clustered with sequences previously classified as NPHV, but the genetic diversity of the Japanese NPHV strains we detected was not correlated with their geographic origin. In conclusion, Japanese horses exhibit a high prevalence of NPHV. Young age appears to be a risk factor for such viral infection in Japan, although the infectious route was not determined. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.028

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Persistent natural infection of a Culex tritaeniorhynchus cell line with a novel Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus strain Reviewed

    Nadine Gillich, Ryusei Kuwata, Haruhiko Isawa, Masayuki Horie

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY   59 ( 9 )   562 - 566   2015.09( ISSN:0385-5600 ( eISSN:1348-0421

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    Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus (CTRV) is a mosquito virus that establishes persistent infection without any obvious cell death. Therefore, occult infection by CTRV can be present in mosquito cell lines. In this study, it is shown that NIID-CTR cells, which were derived from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, are persistently infected with a novel strain of CTRV. Complete genome sequencing of the infecting strain revealed that it is genetically similar but distinct from the previously isolated CTRV strain, excluding the possibility of contamination. These findings raise the importance of further CTRV studies, such as screening of CTRV in other mosquito cell lines.

    DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12279

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Genetic diversity of highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses at a single overwintering site of migratory birds in Japan, 2014/15 Reviewed

    M. Ozawa, A. Matsuu, K. Tokorozaki, M. Horie, T. Masatani, H. Nakagawa, K. Okuya, T. Kawabata, S. Toda

    Eurosurveillance   20 ( 20 )   pii21132   2015.05( ISSN:1560-7917

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    We isolated eight highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses (H5N8 HPAIVs) in the 2014/15 winter season at an overwintering site of migratory birds in Japan. Genetic analyses revealed that these isolates were divided into three groups, indicating the co-circulation of three genetic groups of H5N8 HPAIV among these migratory birds. These results also imply the possibility of global redistribution of the H5N8 HPAIVs via the migration of these birds next winter.

    DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.20.21132

    PubMed

  • Inhibition of Borna disease virus replication by an endogenous bornavirus-like element in the ground squirrel genome Reviewed

    Kan Fujino, Masayuki Horie, Tomoyuki Honda, Dana K. Merriman, Keizo Tomonaga

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   111 ( 36 )   13175 - 13180   2014.09( ISSN:0027-8424

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Animal genomes contain endogenous viral sequences, such as endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons. Recently, we and others discovered that nonretroviral viruses also have been endogenized in many vertebrate genomes. Bornaviruses belong to the Mononegavirales and have left endogenous fragments, called "endogenous bornavirus-like elements" (EBLs), in the genomes of many mammals. The striking features of EBLs are that they contain relatively long ORFs which have high sequence homology to the extant bornavirus proteins. Furthermore, some EBLs derived from bornavirus nucleoprotein (EBLNs) have been shown to be transcribed as mRNA and probably are translated into proteins. These features lead us to speculate that EBLs may function as cellular coopted genes. An EBLN element in the genome of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), itEBLN, encodes an ORF with 77% amino acid sequence identity to the current bornavirus nucleoprotein. In this study, we cloned itEBLN from the ground squirrel genome and investigated its involvement in Borna disease virus (BDV) replication. Interestingly, itEBLN, but not a human EBLN, colocalized with the viral factory in the nucleus and appeared to affect BDV polymerase activity by being incorporated into the viral ribonucleoprotein. Our data show that, as do certain endogenous retroviruses, itEBLN potentially may inhibit infection by related exogenous viruses in vivo.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407046111

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Origin of an endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein element in thirteen-lined ground squirrels Reviewed

    Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yuki Kobayashi, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS   89 ( 3 )   143 - 148   2014.06( ISSN:1341-7568 ( eISSN:1880-5779

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    Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN) elements are nucleotide sequences homologous to the bornavirus N gene that have been identified in animal genomes. EBLN elements are considered to have been generated through reverse transcription of bornavirus N mRNA, mainly with the aid of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1). The genome of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) contains an EBLN element, itEBLN, which is thought to have been integrated less than 8.5 million years ago (MYA). However, it was also reported that the LINE-1 activity on this lineage was lost 4-5 MYA. Here, molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted to gain insights into the integration time of itEBLN. In a phylogenetic analysis of bornavirus N and itEBLN, using an EBLN element from cape golden moles (Chrysochloris asiatica) (caEBLN) as the outgroup, the integration time of itEBLN appeared to be close to the time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for bornavirus N. From an analysis of genomic sequences for bornavirus strains isolated at different time points, the time of the MRCA for bornavirus N was estimated to be &lt; 0.3 MYA. These results suggest that the integration time of itEBLN was much later than the loss of LINE-1 activity, supporting the non-LINE-1-mediated integration of itEBLN.

    DOI: 10.1266/ggs.89.143

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Comprehensive analysis of endogenous bornavirus-like elements in eukaryote genomes Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Yuki Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Keizo Tomonaga

    PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   368 ( 1626 )   1 - 20120499   2013.09( ISSN:0962-8436 ( eISSN:1471-2970

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    Bornaviruses are the only animal RNA viruses that establish a persistent infection in their host cell nucleus. Studies of bornaviruses have provided unique information about viral replication strategies and virus- host interactions. Although bornaviruses do not integrate into the host genome during their replication cycle, we and others have recently reported that there are DNA sequences derived from the mRNAs of ancient bornaviruses in the genomes of vertebrates, including humans, and these have been designated endogenous borna- like ( EBL) elements. Therefore, bornaviruses have been interacting with their hosts as driving forces in the evolution of host genomes in a previously unexpected way. Studies of EBL elements have provided new models for virology, evolutionary biology and general cell biology. In this review, we summarize the data on EBL elements including what we have newly identified in eukaryotes genomes, and discuss the biological significance of EBL elements, with a focus on EBL nucleoprotein elements in mammalian genomes. Surprisingly, EBL elements were detected in the genomes of invertebrates, suggesting that the host range of bornaviruses may be much wider than previously thought. We also review our new data on non- retroviral integration of Borna disease virus.

    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0499

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Avian bornaviruses are widely distributed in canary birds (Serinus canaria f. domestica). Reviewed

    Rubbenstroth D, Rinder M, Stein M, Höper D, Kaspers B, Brosinski K, Horie M, Schmidt V, Legler M, Korbel R, Staeheli P

    Veterinary microbiology   165 ( 3-4 )   287 - 295   2013.08( ISSN:1873-2542

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.024

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Molecular epidemiology of avian bornavirus from pet birds in Japan Reviewed

    Yukiko Sassa, Masayuki Horie, Kan Fujino, Naomi Nishiura, Sachiko Okazaki, Tetsuya Furuya, Makoto Nagai, Tsutomu Omatsu, Atsushi Kojima, Masaya Mizugami, Kengo Ueda, Haruko Iki, Kazumasa Ebisawa, Keizo Tomonaga, Tetsuya Mizutani

    VIRUS GENES   47 ( 1 )   173 - 177   2013.08( ISSN:0920-8569

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    Recently, Avian bornavirus (ABV) was detected in proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) affected-birds and feather picking diseases affected-birds. However, the pathogenicity of ABV has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we surveyed ABV in pet birds in Japan. We found four ABV-infected birds among 93 pet birds using RT-PCR, and genotypes of the ABV were determined as ABV-2 and -4. Two of the birds positive for ABV-4 showed proventricular dilatation typically found in PDD, and chronic stomach disturbance, whereas two of the birds positive for ABV-2 showed unexplained behavioral problems that are tapping, autophagia, and cloaca prolapse.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0913-3

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Evolutionarily Conserved Interaction between the Phosphoproteins and X Proteins of Bornaviruses from Different Vertebrate Species Reviewed

    Kan Fujino, Masayuki Horie, Tomoyuki Honda, Shoko Nakamura, Yusuke Matsumoto, Ivo M. B. Francischetti, Keizo Tomonaga

    PLOS ONE   7 ( 12 )   2012.12( ISSN:1932-6203

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    Bornavirus, a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, is currently classified into several genetically distinct genotypes, such as Borna disease virus (BDV) and avian bornaviruses (ABVs). Recent studies revealed that bornavirus genotypes show unique sequence variability in the putative 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of X/P mRNA, a bicistronic mRNA for the X protein and phosphoprotein (P). In this study, to understand the evolutionary relationship among the bornavirus genotypes, we investigated the functional interaction between the X and P proteins of four bornavirus genotypes, BDV, ABV genotype 4 and 5 and reptile bornavirus (RBV), the putative 5' UTRs of which exhibit variation in the length. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses using mammalian and avian cell lines revealed that the X proteins of bornaviruses conserve the ability to facilitate the export of P from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via interaction with P. Furthermore, we showed that inter-genotypic interactions may occur between X and P among the genotypes, except for X of RBV. In addition, a BDV minireplicon assay demonstrated that the X and P proteins of ABVs, but not RBV, can affect the polymerase activity of BDV. This study demonstrates that bornaviruses may have conserved the fundamental function of a regulatory protein during their evolution, whereas RBV has evolved distinctly from the other bornavirus genotypes.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051161

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Generation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Lines Expressing Inactive Mutants of GALNT3 Reviewed

    Shoko Nakamura, Masayuki Horie, Kan Fujino, Yusuke Matsumoto, Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga

    JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE   74 ( 11 )   1493 - 1496   2012.11( ISSN:0916-7250

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    As a tool to understand the role of mucins in the infection of respiratory viruses, we established cell lines stably expressing inactive mutants of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3), which initiates O-glycosylation of mucins. We introduced single amino acid mutation into the regions essential for the enzyme activity of GALNT3 using the expression plasmid of human GALNT3 and transfected the mutant constructs into a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. We showed that although the mutants of GALNT3 exhibit an authentic localization at the Golgi apparatus, the glycosylation pattern of the expressing cell lines appeared to be different from that of the cells expressing wild-type GALNT3. These results suggested that the established cell lines express inactive forms of GALNT3 and might be useful in investigation of the significance of O-glycosylation of mucins in respiratory virus infections.

    DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0199

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Bornavirus Closely Associates and Segregates with Host Chromosomes to Ensure Persistent Intranuclear Infection Reviewed

    Yusuke Matsumoto, Yohei Hayashi, Hiroko Omori, Tomoyuki Honda, Takuji Daito, Masayuki Horie, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Kan Fujino, Shoko Nakamura, Urs Schneider, Geoffrey Chase, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Martin Schwemmle, Keizo Tomonaga

    CELL HOST & MICROBE   11 ( 5 )   492 - 503   2012.05( ISSN:1931-3128

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    Bornaviruses are nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses that establish a persistent infection in the nucleus and occasionally integrate a DNA genome copy into the host chromosomal DNA. However, how these viruses achieve intranuclear infection remains unclear. We show that Borna disease virus (BDV), a mammalian bornavirus, closely associates with the cellular chromosome to ensure intranuclear infection. BDV generates viral factories within the nucleus using host chromatin as a scaffold. In addition, the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interacts directly with the host chromosome throughout the cell cycle, using core histones as a docking platform. HMGB1, a host chromatin-remodeling DNA architectural protein, is required to stabilize RNP on chromosomes and for efficient BDV RNA transcription in the nucleus. During metaphase, the association of RNP with mitotic chromosomes allows the viral RNA to segregate into daughter cells and ensure persistent infection. Thus, bornaviruses likely evolved a chromosome-dependent life cycle to achieve stable intranuclear infection.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.009

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Detection of Avian bornavirus 5 RNA in Eclectus roratus with feather picking disorder Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Kengo Ueda, Akiko Ueda, Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga

    MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY   56 ( 5 )   346 - 349   2012.05( ISSN:0385-5600

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    Avian bornavirus (ABV) was discovered recently in parrots with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a fatal neurological disease. Although ABV has been shown to be a causative agent of PDD, its virological characteristics are largely unknown. Here we report the detection of ABV genotype 5 RNA in an Eclectus roratus with feather picking disorder (FPD). Interestingly, although the bird was persistently infected with ABV5 for at least 8 months, it had no clinical signs of PDD. Although it remains unclear whether ABV5 is associated with FPD, these findings raise the importance of epidemiological studies of birds with diseases other than PDD.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00436.x

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Non-Retroviral Fossils in Vertebrate Genomes Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    VIRUSES-BASEL   3 ( 10 )   1836 - 1848   2011.10( ISSN:1999-4915

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    Although no physical fossils of viruses have been found, retroviruses are known to leave their molecular fossils in the genomes of their hosts, the so-called endogenous retroviral elements. These have provided us with important information about retroviruses in the past and their co-evolution with their hosts. On the other hand, because non-retroviral viruses were considered not to leave such fossils, even the existence of prehistoric non-retroviral viruses has been enigmatic. Recently, we discovered that elements derived from ancient bornaviruses, non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses, are found in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans. In addition, at approximately the same time, several endogenous elements of RNA viruses, DNA viruses and reverse-transcribing DNA viruses have been independently reported, which revealed that non-retroviral viruses have played significant roles in the evolution of their hosts and provided novel insights into virology and cell biology. Here we review non-retroviral virus-like elements in vertebrate genomes, non-retroviral integration and the knowledge obtained from these endogenous non-retroviral virus-like elements.

    DOI: 10.3390/v3101836

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • No Evidence for Natural Selection on Endogenous Borna-Like Nucleoprotein Elements after the Divergence of Old World and New World Monkeys Reviewed

    Yuki Kobayashi, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga, Yoshiyuki Suzuki

    PLOS ONE   6 ( 9 )   2011.09( ISSN:1932-6203

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    Endogenous Borna-like nucleoprotein (EBLNs) elements were recently discovered as non-retroviral RNA virus elements derived from bornavirus in the genomes of various animals. Most of EBLNs appeared to be defective, but some of primate EBLN-1 to -4, which appeared to be originated from four independent integrations of bornavirus nucleoprotein (N) gene, have retained an open reading frame (ORF) for more than 40 million years. It was therefore possible that primate EBLNs have encoded functional proteins during evolution. To examine this possibility, natural selection operating on all ORFs of primate EBLN-1 to -4 was examined by comparing the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. The expected number of premature termination codons in EBLN-1 generated after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys under the selective neutrality was also examined by the Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, natural selection was not identified for the entire region as well as parts of ORFs in the pairwise analysis of primate EBLN-1 to -4 and for any branch of the phylogenetic trees for EBLN-1 to -4 after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys. Computer simulation also indicated that the absence of premature termination codon in the present-day EBLN-1 does not necessarily support the maintenance of function after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys. These results suggest that EBLNs have not generally encoded functional proteins after the divergence of Old World and New World monkeys.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024403

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    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Upregulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Astrocytes of Transgenic Mice That Express Borna Disease Virus Phosphoprotein Reviewed

    Tomoyuki Honda, Kan Fujino, Daisuke Okuzaki, Naohiro Ohtaki, Yusuke Matsumoto, Masayuki Horie, Takuji Daito, Masayuki Itoh, Keizo Tomonaga

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   85 ( 9 )   4567 - 4571   2011.05( ISSN:0022-538X ( eISSN:1098-5514

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    In a previous study, we demonstrated that transgenic mice that express Borna disease virus (BDV) phosphoprotein (P) in astrocytes show striking neurobehavioral abnormalities resembling those in BDV-infected animals. To understand the molecular disturbances induced by the expression of P in astrocytes, we performed microarray analysis with cultured astroglial cells transiently expressing P. We showed that expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 mRNA increases not only in P-expressing cultured cells but also in astrocytes from the cerebella of P transgenic mice (P-Tg). Furthermore, we demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor signaling is disturbed in the P-Tg cerebellum, a factor that might be involved in the increased vulnerability of Purkinje cell neurons in the brain.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01817-10

    PubMed

  • Endogenous non-retroviral RNA virus elements in mammalian genomes Reviewed

    Masayuki Horie, Tomoyuki Honda, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yuki Kobayashi, Takuji Daito, Tatsuo Oshida, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Patric Jern, Takashi Gojobori, John M. Coffin, Keizo Tomonaga

    NATURE   463 ( 7277 )   84 - U90   2010.01( ISSN:0028-0836

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    Retroviruses are the only group of viruses known to have left a fossil record, in the form of endogenous proviruses, and approximately 8% of the human genome is made up of these elements(1,2). Although many other viruses, including non-retroviral RNA viruses, are known to generate DNA forms of their own genomes during replication(3-5), none has been found as DNA in the germline of animals. Bornaviruses, a genus of non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus, are unique among RNA viruses in that they establish persistent infection in the cell nucleus(6-8). Here we show that elements homologous to the nucleoprotein (N) gene of bornavirus exist in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans, non-human primates, rodents and elephants. These sequences have been designated endogenous Borna-like N (EBLN) elements. Some of the primate EBLNs contain an intact open reading frame (ORF) and are expressed as mRNA. Phylogenetic analyses showed that EBLNs seem to have been generated by different insertional events in each specific animal family. Furthermore, the EBLN of a ground squirrel was formed by a recent integration event, whereas those in primates must have been formed more than 40 million years ago. We also show that the N mRNA of a current mammalian bornavirus, Borna disease virus (BDV), can form EBLN-like elements in the genomes of persistently infected cultured cells. Our results provide the first evidence for endogenization of non-retroviral virus-derived elements in mammalian genomes and give novel insights not only into generation of endogenous elements, but also into a role of bornavirus as a source of genetic novelty in its host.

    DOI: 10.1038/nature08695

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    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Molecular Chaperone BiP Interacts with Borna Disease Virus Glycoprotein at the Cell Surface Reviewed

    Tomoyuki Honda, Masayuki Horie, Takuji Daito, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Keizo Tomonaga

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY   83 ( 23 )   12622 - 12625   2009.12( ISSN:0022-538X

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    Borna disease virus (BDV) is characterized by highly neurotropic infection. BDV enters its target cells using virus surface glycoprotein (G), but the cellular molecules mediating this process remain to be elucidated. We demonstrate here that the N-terminal product of G, GP1, interacts with the 78-kDa chaperone protein BiP. BiP was found at the surface of BDV-permissive cells, and anti-BiP antibody reduced BDV infection as well as GP1 binding to the cell surface. We also reveal that BiP localizes at the synapse of neurons. These results indicate that BiP may participate in the cell surface association of BDV.

    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01201-09

    PubMed

  • A latex agglutination test using a recombinant nucleoprotein for detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus Reviewed

    M. Horie, H. Ogawa, K. Yamada, A. Hara, V. N. Bui, Sanaa S. Awad, R. Yoshikawa, M. Mase, K. Tsukamoto, S. Yamaguchi, K. Nakamura, K. Imai

    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS   161 ( 2 )   259 - 264   2009.11( ISSN:0166-0934

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    A latex agglutination test (LAT) was developed for detecting antibodies against avian influenza virus. The recombinant avian influenza virus nucleoprotein expressed in Escherichia coli was purified, coupled with latex beads, and used as an antigen for the LAT. The LAT was capable of detecting anti-avian influenza virus antibodies irrespective of the avian-influenza subtype, and in most cases, the results correlated with the results of an agar gel precipitation test (AGPT). However, in comparison with the AGPT the LAT could detect the anti-avian influenza virus antibodies for a longer period of time after the infection. The nonspecific agglutination observed in uninfected chicken sera was resolved by pretreating the sera with dried chicken-liver powder for I h. The LAT is easy to perform, and even after considering the time required for pretreatment of the serum, the total time required for obtaining the results is reduced in comparison to the time required in the case of the AGPT. This easy and rapid LAT is considered to be useful for monitoring avian influenza virus infection in the field. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.021

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    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Heat shock cognate protein 70 controls Borna disease virus replication via interaction with the viral non-structural protein X Reviewed

    Yohei Hayashi, Masayuki Horie, Takuji Daito, Tomoyuki Honda, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Keizo Tomonaga

    MICROBES AND INFECTION   11 ( 3 )   394 - 402   2009.03( ISSN:1286-4579

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    Borna disease virus (BDV) is a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus and has the property of persistently infecting the cell nucleus. BDV encodes a 10-kDa non-structural protein, X, which is a negative regulator of viral polymerase activity but is essential for virus propagation. Recently, we have demonstrated that interaction of X with the viral polymerase cofactor, phosphoprotein (P), facilitates translocation of P from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, the mechanism by which the intracellular localization of X is controlled remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that BDV X interacts with the 71 kDa molecular chaperon protein, Hsc70. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Hsc70 associates with the same region of X as P and, interestingly, that expression of P interferes competitively with the interaction between X and Hsc70. A heat shock experiment revealed that BDV X translocates into the nucleus, dependent upon the nuclear accumulation of Hsc70. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of Hsc70 by short interfering RNA decreases the nuclear localization of both X and P and markedly reduces the expression of viral genomic RNA in persistently infected cells. These data indicate that Hsc70 may be involved in viral replication by regulating the intracellular distribution of X. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.01.006

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    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

  • Inactivation and morphological changes of avian influenza virus by copper ions Reviewed

    M. Horie, H. Ogawa, Y. Yoshida, K. Yamada, A. Hara, K. Ozawa, S. Matsuda, C. Mizota, M. Tani, Y. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, K. Nakamura, K. Imai

    ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY   153 ( 8 )   1467 - 1472   2008.08( ISSN:0304-8608

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    The infectivity of the H9N2 virus to MDCK cells was time-dependently inhibited by Cu(2+) at concentrations of 2.5-250 mu M. In 25 mu M Cu(2+) solution, the virus titer decreased by approximately 3 and 4 log within 3 and 6 h, respectively. Compared to Cu(2+), Zn(2+) was much less effective in virus inactivation. The H9N2 virus hemagglutinin activity was not affected by 2.5-250 mu M Cu(2+). The H9N2 virus neuraminidase (NA) activity was drastically reduced by 25 mM Cu(2+), marginally reduced by 250 mu M Cu(2+), and not affected by 25 mu M Cu(2+). Thus, we found that copper ions suppress the infectivity of influenza virus at lower concentrations at which neither NA nor hemagglutination inhibition occurs. Electron microscopic analysis revealed morphological abnormalities of the Cu(2+)-treated H9N2 virus. Additional studies should be undertaken to clarify the mechanism underlying the antiviral effect of copper ions on influenza virus.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0154-2

    PubMed

    J-GLOBAL

    Other URL: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-7698

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Books and Other Publications

  • ネオウイルス学

    河岡義裕( Role: Joint author)

    集英社  2021.03 

  • 人獣共通感染症 改訂3版

    木村 哲、喜田 宏 ( Role: Joint author)

    医薬ジャーナル社  2016.02 

MISC

  • 公共データの再利用による未知のRNAウイルスの探索

    川崎純菜、堀江真行

    羊土社 実験医学   2021.12

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  • 哺乳動物ゲノムにおけるRNAウイルスの内在化とその進化的役割

    堀江真行

    医歯薬出版株式会社 医学のあゆみ   2020.06

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  • 哺乳動物ゲノムに内在する非レトロウイルス型RNAウイルスエレメント

    堀江真行、朝長啓造

    日本ウイルス学会 ウイルス   2010.12

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  • 哺乳動物ゲノムに潜むRNAウイルス化石

    堀江真行、朝長啓造

    エヌ・ティ・エス 生物の科学「遺伝」   2010.11

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  • RNAウイルス化石:内在性ボルナウイルスの発見

    堀江真行、朝長啓造

    医薬の門社 感染・炎症・免疫   2010.10

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Presentations

  • 脊椎動物ゲノムに隠された内在性ボルナウイルス様配列 Invited Domestic conference

    Bea Clarise B Garcia、向井八尋、朝長啓造、堀江真行

    第46回日本分子生物学会年会  2023.12  日本分子生物学会

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:神戸  

  • Identification of a novel ephemerovirus in Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Domestic conference

    2023.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Coevolutionary mechanisms of satellite/helper virus and host animal uncovered from diverse mammalian and avian deltaviruses Domestic conference

    2023.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Characterization of Nyavirus N and P proteins forming inclusion bodies in the nucleus Domestic conference

    2023.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • ウイルスメタゲノム解析と実験ウイルス学的解析により見えてきた新たなウイルス伝播機構 Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    日本微生物生態学会第36回浜松大会  2023.11  日本微生物生態学会環境ウイルス部会

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:浜松  

  • 水牛 (Bubalus bubalis [Linnaeus, 1758])における新規エフェメロウイルスの同定 Domestic conference

    今井咲帆、岸本麻衣、堀江真行

    NGS EXPO 2023  2023.11  NGS EXPO実行委員会

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:大阪  

  • 多様な哺乳類および鳥類デルタウイルスからサテライト/ヘルパーウイルスと宿主動物の共進化機構を紐解く Domestic conference

    岸本麻衣、川崎純菜、北尾晃一、堀江真行

    NGS EXPO 2023  2023.11  NGS EXPO実行委員会

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:大阪  

  • ウイルスを見つける、作る、調べる -デルタウイルスの一例- Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    早稲田大学特別講演  2023.08  早稲田大学

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:東京  

  • 大規模データベース検索によるウイルス探索とリバースジェネティクスによる解析 Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    ウイルス学会北海道支部 第56回夏季シンポジウム  2023.07  日本ウイルス学会北海道支部

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:札幌  

  • ウイルスを見つける、作る、調べる -デルタウイルスの一例- Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    第17回ウイルス学キャンプ in 湯河原  2023.06  日本ウイルス学会

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:湯河原  

  • Endogenous bornavirus-like elements Invited International conference

    Masayuki Horie

    The EBVC lecture viruses in silico  2023.06  European Virus Bioinformatics Center

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    Presentation type:Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

    Venue:Zoom  

  • ウイルスを見つける、作る、調べる Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    日本学術振興会  2023.03 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 動物におけるウイルス探索とその意義について Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    コンパニオンアニマルのゲノム医療研究会  2022.12 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

  • ミッドウェイウイルスのタンパク質の局在と複製部位の解析 Domestic conference

    大西歩武、堀江真行

    日本分子生物学会  2022.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • The hidden diversity of ancient bornaviral sequences from X and P genes in vertebrate genomes Domestic conference

    Bea Clarise B. Garcia, Yahiro Mukai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    日本分子生物学会  2022.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • San Jacinto virusのN、Pタンパク質の共発現による細胞核内での生体分子凝集体の形成 Domestic conference

    萩原悠斗、大西歩武、堀江真行

    日本分子生物学会  2022.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Inconspicuous endogenous bornavirus-like element from ancient bornaviral X and P genes in the miniopterid bat genomes Domestic conference

    Bea Clarise B. Garcia, Yahiro Mukai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    日本ウイルス学会  2022.11 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

  • スズメ目デルタウイルスはトリ白血病・肉腫ウイルス様内在性レトロウイルスのエンベロープタンパク質を利用してウイルス粒子を形成する Domestic conference

    岩本将士、村上智亮、川崎純菜、北尾晃一、柴田ゆき野、和多和宏、渡士幸一、堀江真行

    日本ウイルス学会  2022.11 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

  • スズメ目デルタウイルスは内在性レトロウイルスのエンベロープタンパク質を利用して感染性粒子を形成する Domestic conference

    岩本将士、村上智亮、川崎純菜、北尾晃一、柴田ゆき野、和多和宏、渡士幸一、堀江真行

    日本獣医学会  2022.09 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

  • ボルナウイルスのインテグレーション効率と内在化の集団遺伝学シミュレーション解析 Domestic conference

    岩田美智子、堀江真行、長田直樹、川崎純菜、朝長啓造

    第44回日本分子生物学会年会  2021.12 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • ボルナ病ウイルスは液-液相分離により細胞核内封入体を形成する Domestic conference

    平井 悠哉、朝長 啓造、堀江 真行

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 新規デルタウイルスの同定と性状解析により明らかとなったデルタウイルス伝播戦略の多様性について Domestic conference

    岩本 将士、柴田 ゆき野、川崎 純菜、小嶋 将平、Yung-Tsung Li、岩見 真吾、村松 正道、Hui-Lin Wu、和多 和宏、朝長 啓造、渡士 幸一、堀江 真行

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 哺乳類・鳥類の公的シークエンスデータを用いたRNAウイルス配列の網羅的探索 Domestic conference

    川崎純菜、小嶋将平、朝長啓造、堀江真行

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Investigation of the innate immune responses in Eptesicus bat cell lines Domestic conference

    Hsien-Hen Lin, Yahiro Mukai, Ryo Komorizono, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Borna disease virus matrix protein is incorporated into host stress granules Domestic conference

    Yahiro Mukai, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Development of an in vitro system for evaluation of the integration efficiency of Borna disease virus 1 transcripts Domestic conference

    Michiko Iwata, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga

    第68回日本ウイルス学会学術集会  2021.11 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 100-My history of bornavirus infections hidden in vertebrate genomes. Invited International conference

    Junna Kawasaki, Shohei Kojima, Yahiro Mukai, Keizo Tomonaga, Masayuki Horie

    The 27th East Asia Joint Symposium  2021.10 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • Identification of avian and mammalian deltaviruses provides novel insights into evolution of helper- satellite relationship Domestic conference

    Masashi Iwamoto, Yukino Shibata, Junna Kawasaki, Shohei Kojima, Yung-Tsung Li, Shingo Iwami, Masamichi Muramatsu, Hui-Lin Wu, Kazuhiro Wada, Keizo Tomonaga, Koichi Watashi, Masayuki Horie

    2021 International HBV Meeting  2021.09 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 現代と古代のウイルスの多様性を探る Invited Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    第146回関西実験動物研究会・実技協関西支部合同研究会  2021.09 

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    Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

  • 脊椎動物ゲノムに隠された1億年にわたるボルナウイルス感染の歴史 Domestic conference

    川崎純菜、小嶋将平、向井八尋、朝長啓造、堀江真行

    第23回日本レトロウイルス研究会 夏期セミナー  2021.07 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

  • 非モデル動物における内在性ボルナウイルス様配列の 生物学的意義の解明を目指して Domestic conference

    堀江真行

    第3回進化学セミナー  2019.08 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

  • 見逃されてきたウイルス由来遺伝子配列の網羅的検出から探る新規遺伝子機能

    挑戦的研究(萌芽)  2026

  • Mechanism of mononegavirus nucleocapsid formation

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2026

  • Multiomics analysis of exosome-delivering, virus-derived factors in the feto-matarnal interface for hypertensive dosorder of pregnancy

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2026

  • 見逃されてきたウイルス由来遺伝子配列の網羅的検出から探る新規遺伝子機能

    挑戦的研究(萌芽)  2025

  • Investigation of therapeutic efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the treatment of avian bornavirus infection

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2025

  • Mechanism of mononegavirus nucleocapsid formation

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2025

  • Multiomics analysis of exosome-delivering, virus-derived factors in the feto-matarnal interface for hypertensive dosorder of pregnancy

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2025

  • ラブドウイルスにおけるRNAスプライシング機構の解析

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2025

  • Virus drives microbial turnover and carbon sequestration in forest soils

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2025

  • The history of mononegavirus infections hidden in the eukaryotic genomes

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2025

  • 見逃されてきたウイルス由来遺伝子配列の網羅的検出から探る新規遺伝子機能

    挑戦的研究(萌芽)  2024

  • Function of Bat-Ancient Bornavirus Fusion Gene in Miniopterid Bats

    Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows  2024

  • 内在性ウイルス配列の抗ウイルス機構による媒介蚊の繁殖戦略の解明

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2024

  • 高精度立体構造予測を活用した新規ウイルスの探索:ダークマター配列への挑戦

    挑戦的研究(萌芽)  2024

  • Investigation of therapeutic efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the treatment of avian bornavirus infection

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2024

  • Mechanism of mononegavirus nucleocapsid formation

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2024

  • Multiomics analysis of exosome-delivering, virus-derived factors in the feto-matarnal interface for hypertensive dosorder of pregnancy

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2024

  • ラブドウイルスにおけるRNAスプライシング機構の解析

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)  2024

  • Virus drives microbial turnover and carbon sequestration in forest soils

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2024

  • 媒介蚊はなぜウイルス感染で深刻な病態を示さないのか:不顕性感染メカニズムの解明

    国際共同研究加速基金(国際共同研究強化(B))  2024

  • The history of mononegavirus infections hidden in the eukaryotic genomes

    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)  2024

  • 真核生物におけるモノネガウイルスの感染史の解明

    2022

  • 高精度立体構造予測を活用した新規ウイルスの探索:ダークマター配列への挑戦

    2022

  • 内在性ウイルス配列の抗ウイルス機構による媒介蚊の繁殖戦略の解明

    2022

  • 媒介蚊はなぜウイルス感染で深刻な病態を示さないのか:不顕性感染メカニズムの解明

    2022

  • 媒介蚊のゲノムに眠る古代ウイルス遺伝子は蚊に深刻な病態を引き起こすのか?

    2022

  • 多様なデルタウイルスの伝播機構とその進化の解明

    2022

  • 媒介蚊のゲノムに眠る古代ウイルス遺伝子は蚊に深刻な病態を引き起こすのか?

    2021

  • 内在性ウイルス配列の抗ウイルス機構による媒介蚊の繁殖戦略の解明

    2021

  • 多様なデルタウイルスの伝播機構とその進化の解明

    2021

  • ウイルスと内在性ウイルス様エレメントの探索による現代と太古のウイルス多様性の理解

    2021

  • ボルナウイルス感染細胞の運命:ウイルスの新たな神経病原性を探る

    2021

  • 真核生物におけるモノネガウイルスの感染史の解明

    2021

  • 真核生物におけるモノネガウイルスの感染史の解明

    2021

  • 媒介蚊はなぜウイルス感染で深刻な病態を示さないのか:不顕性感染メカニズムの解明

    2021

  • ウイルスと内在性ウイルス様エレメントの探索による現代と太古のウイルス多様性の理解

    2019

  • ボルナウイルス感染細胞の運命:ウイルスの新たな神経病原性を探る

    2018

  • 南極コケ坊主におけるウイルス叢の解明とウイルス化石の探索への応用

    2017

  • ウイルスのRNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼに由来する遺伝子の機能解析 研究課題

    2014

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Acceptance of Researcher

  • 2023  Number of researchers:1

  • 2022  Number of researchers:1

Charge of on-campus class subject

  • 獣医伝染病学A

    2024   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医ウイルス学

    2024   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 小動物基礎臨床実習

    2024   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 自然科学特論

    2024   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 基礎微生物学特論

    2024   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 感染症制御学特別講義A

    2024   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医環境科学特別講義

    2024   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学英語演習

    2024   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 獣医微生物・免疫学実習

    2024   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 生命環境科学概論

    2024   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 獣医ウイルス学

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 国際・国内インターンシップ

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 自然科学特論

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別演習1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学演習

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 基礎微生物学特論

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 感染症制御学特別講義A

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 臨床基礎実習

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医微生物・免疫学実習

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 生命環境科学概論

    2023   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 初年次ゼミナール

    2023   Weekly class   Graduate school

  • 獣医伝染病学A

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医ウイルス学

    2023   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 獣医環境感染学

    2023   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別演習1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学ミニレビュー

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学演習

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 分子ウイルス学特論

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 国際・国内インターンシップ

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2023   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医微生物・免疫学実習

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医体験演習

    2023   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 自然科学特論

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別演習1

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 小動物基礎臨床実習

    2022   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 生命環境科学概論

    2022   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別演習1

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 分子ウイルス学特論

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 国際・国内インターンシップ

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医科学特別研究1

    2022   Intensive lecture   Graduate school

  • 獣医環境感染学

    2022   Intensive lecture   Undergraduate

  • 臨床基礎実習

    2022   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 獣医体験演習

    2022   Weekly class   Undergraduate

  • 感染症制御学特別講義A

    2021    

  • Emergence and Spreading of Pathogens among Veterinary Environments

    2021    

  • Basic clinical practices

    2021   Practical Training  

▼display all

Charge of off-campus class subject

  • 分子疫学

    2023.11
    Institution:Okayama University of Science

     More details

    Level:Undergraduate (specialized) 

  • 生体防御学特論

    2022.11
    Institution:The University of Tokyo

  • 分子疫学

    2022.11
    Institution:Okayama University of Science

  • ミクロな世界の生態学

    2022.05
    Institution:Keio University

  • 獣医農畜産学特別講義

    2022.03
    Institution:Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

Number of instructed thesis, researches

  • 2023

    Number of instructed the graduation thesis:Number of graduation thesis reviews:2

    [Number of instructed the Master's Program] (previous term):[Number of instructed the Master's Program] (letter term):1

    [Number of doctoral thesis reviews] (chief):[Number of doctoral thesis reviews] (vice-chief):2

Social Activities ⇒ Link to the list of Social Activities

  • 一家に1枚「ウイルス」製作監修

    Role(s): Consultant, Planner, Logistic support

    Type: University open house, Cooperation business with The administrative, educational institutions, etc.

    文部科学省  科学技術週間一家に1枚  2022 - 2023

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  • 次なるウイルス感染症対策へ向けたウイルス探索

    Role(s): Lecturer

    Type: Citizen’s meeting/Assembly

    国際感染症研究センター  2022

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Visiting Lectures ⇒ Link to the list of Visiting Lectures

  • 次なるウイルス感染症対策へ向けたウイルス探索

    Category:Agricultural science (applied biology, biofunctional chemistry, green space environmental science), Nursing (nursing, sex education)

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    Audience:General

    大阪公立大学国際感染症センター公開講座「人類と感染症との戦い~国際感染症研究センターの挑戦~」

Foreigner acceptance

  • 2023

    foreigners accepted :1

    International Students :1