担当区分：責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Previous studies on whether punishers are rewarded by reputational gains have yielded conflicting results. Some studies have argued that punitive behaviors potentially result in a positive evaluation, while others have found the opposite. This study aims to clarify the conditions that lead to the positive evaluation of costly punishment. Study 1 utilized one-round and repeated public goods game (PGG) situations and manipulated decision time for participants’ punitive behavior toward the non-cooperative person in the situation. We also asked participants to report their impression evaluations of punitive behavior toward non-cooperative people. Moreover, utilizing the second- and third-party punishment games, Study 2 manipulated the decision time of participants’ punitive behavior toward the self-interested person and asked them to evaluate the punitive behavior. The results showed that those who punished intuitively were not likely to be evaluated positively. However, punishers were rewarded when the decision to punish was made after deliberation or made by those who were not direct victims. These findings extend previous research on the evaluation of punitive behavior and reveal that deliberative punishment is evaluated positively occasionally.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794953

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract

Objective

Researchers have investigated human altruism toward strangers for decades, using economic games such as the dictator game (DG) in their experiments. However, factors that cause the allocating behavior exhibited by those participants willing to be recipients in the DG have not been identified and the psychological mechanism of avoiding decision-making in economic games has not been widely addressed in previous studies. This study aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the number of people who are willing to be assigned the role of recipient and their allocation behavior and to explore why they share more than people who are willing to be dictators.

Results

We demonstrate that there are people willing to be assigned the role of the recipient, rather than the role of the dictator during the dictator game. In addition, we find evidence indicating that people who are willing to be recipients behave more altruistically in the dictator game than those who prefer to be dictators. Based on our results, we argue that willingness to be a recipient, in relation to the psychological unwillingness to assume responsibility and reputational concerns, is a strategic consideration.

DOI： 10.1186/s13104-022-06148-3

その他URL： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-022-06148-3/fulltext.html

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.795732

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/s13104-021-05882-4

その他URL： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-021-05882-4/fulltext.html

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737125

担当区分：責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

It has been suggested by various studies that between-group cooperation is more difficult to achieve than within-group cooperation. To investigate the factors that inhibit between-group cooperation, the reputation of a universalist, who cooperates beyond group boundaries, was considered. If the universalists were to be evaluated negatively, people would hesitate to cooperate beyond group boundaries. To examine this possibility, a comparison was drawn between the evaluation of people who employed the universalistic strategy and those who employed the in-group favoring strategy (who cooperates only with in-group members) by conducting a vignette experiment. In the experiment, participants evaluated two in-group members: one employed the in-group favoring strategy, and the other employed the universalistic strategy. In addition to the type of strategy, a trade-off between what in-group members received and what out-group members received was manipulated. Two studies were conducted by varying the universalistic strategy. The universalistic strategy meant giving resources equally to both group members in Study 1, and it meant maximizing the joint profit between the groups in Study 2. The results across the two studies suggest that the universalistic strategy was evaluated more positively than the in-group favoring strategy, with the exception that the in-group favoring strategy was chosen as the same group member in the future. Whether there was a trade-off had little effect on the evaluations of the two strategies. Consequently, this study suggests that the negative reputation of universalists might not be a factor that inhibited between-group cooperation.

DOI： 10.5178/lebs.2021.89

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The current study examined cross-generational differences in both independent and interdependent self-construal. Two studies using samples from across Japan that included a wide age range demonstrated that, with increasing age, Japanese respondents scored higher on independence, which was measured by a self-expression scale, and lower on interdependence, as measured by a rejection avoidance scale. Furthermore, these cross-over effects were not observed with regard to participants' preferences (i.e., the ideal state of the self), but were only observed in their actual selves (i.e., the actual state of the self). These results suggest that the Japanese, especially younger generations, cannot help but behave in an interdependent way despite being eager to be independent.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676526

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

While the special needs education system in Japan has shifted from a segregated approach to a more inclusive one, the actual implementation of this approach may be less than ideal. The implementation of inclusive education faces several challenges, such as difficulty in meeting individual needs and lack of medical support systems in general school settings. With this in mind, we conducted a web-based survey of Japanese schoolteachers to empirically examine their attitudes and perceptions regarding inclusive education. We also sought to determine the socio-environmental and individual factors that affect the attitudes and perceptions of Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive education. Survey results showed that schoolteachers regard the idea of inclusive education as desirable, but not feasible. However, we found that schoolteachers' perceptions of the feasibility of inclusive education implementation were positively associated with their help-seeking preference if they perceived their climate as being sufficiently collegial. Based on these findings, we discuss the educational environment in which inclusive education could be successfully implemented.

DOI： 10.3389/feduc.2020.587266

担当区分：責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   国際・国内誌：国際誌  

Based on the group heuristic model and the model of intuitive cooperation, we hypothesized that in-group favoritism would be conspicuously shown through an intuitive process. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a minimal group paradigm, which is traditionally used in social psychological studies, and manipulated decision time in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma game to compare the cooperative contribution level toward in-group and out-group members under three conditions: intuitive, empathic deliberation, and rational deliberation. Our findings confirmed that in-group favoritism was clearly shown in the intuitive condition only, suggesting that the intuitive cooperation model may only be valid in the context of social exchange with in-group members. Additional analysis also showed that in-group favoritism disappeared for participants who had been forced into empathic or rational deliberation for decision making. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603117

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The current study sought to examine the association between the level of general trust and the judgment accuracy of others’ cooperativeness. Based on data collected from 107 female first-year undergraduate students, we demonstrated that a high level of general trust was associated with a high level of judgment accuracy of group members’ cooperation in a social dilemma game. Additional analysis suggested that the association was present even when the judgment accuracy was divided into hit rate (i.e., the rate of correct judgment on the cooperator as a cooperative) and correct rejection rate (i.e., the rate of correct judgment on the non-cooperator as a non-cooperative) by controlling the participants’ judgment bias, Big Five personality traits, and the proportion of cooperators in the group. These results are in accordance with previous studies insofar as they suggest that high trusters are more skilled at discerning others’ trustworthiness. The current study adds to the evidence that high trusters have increased cognitive skills and supports Yamagishi’s emancipation theory of trust.

DOI： 10.5178/lebs.2020.77

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2130/jjesp.1815

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/0146167218802832

PubMed