Country：Japan

Country：Japan

Country：Japan

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Kind of work：Joint Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

This study aims to investigate the effect of different types of technology transfer organizations (TTOs) on university technology transfer performance using national-level data on industry-academia collaboration in Japan. Three types of TTOs were identified based on their organizational structures—internal, external-integrated, and external-extensive. Using Poisson regression and a population-averaged model, two hypotheses were tested with supportive results: universities using an external TTO perform better in terms of patent licensing income than those using an internal TTO; and smaller universities are more likely to perform better with a dedicated, external-integrated TTO. These findings suggest that TTOs should be independent of the university’s bureaucratic system. However, a high degree of proximity for communication with researchers is important.
This study presents implications for government innovation policy, suggesting that universities should be encouraged to select a TTO type that aligns with their needs and objectives and to carefully weigh independence and proximity when choosing a type. It also suggests that researchers should consider the history and reality of each country’s innovation system when analyzing industry-academia collaboration. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of Japan’s technology transfer policies.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.11207/soshikikagaku.20230712-2

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Kind of work：Joint Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

As shown in the AUTM's lifecycle model, technology transfer from universities to the private sector is one major pathway to commercialize scientific discoveries. However, few empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between characteristics of a technology transfer process and commercializing performance. Considering technology transfer as a management phenomenon, this is an important gap to be filled.
Using micro-level data from 39 technology transfer projects, we analyzed the causal conditions that make a new product based on university-originated invention launch to the market. A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (cs/QCA) is carried out, focusing on the range of TTO's value chain and value-adding activities of licensing associates belonging to the Japanese technology transfer offices. This analysis reveals that the combination of elaborate pre-marketing before a patent application and boundary spanning on product development stage is the key enabler of technology commercialization in Japan.
Our findings suggest that a technology transfer model suited to the Japanese context is different from that common in the United States, often referred to as a "marketing model." Then we name the new one "hands-on model." A unique approach is needed because of the differences in the national innovation ecosystems between these countries.

DOI： 10.11207/soshikikagaku.20211001-1

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Kind of work：Single Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

本稿は「コーポレート・ガバナンスとアントレプレナーシップ」論と呼ばれる考え方を中小企業のガバナンスに関連付けて紹介し、理論および実践に対する含意を述べることを目的とする展望論文である。
冒頭の第1節では、本稿の目的と視座を述べる。中小企業が生存競争を生き延びるためには優れた戦略ポジションを創造・確保することが重要だが、そのために必要な経営資源は慢性的に不足しがちである。ゆえに資源制約の克服は中小企業における重要な経営課題である。そこで本稿は、コーポレート・ガバナンスの仕組みを活用して資源制約の克服を目指す、企業家的ガバナンスと呼ばれるアプローチに注目し、その理論的前提とメカニズムについて詳述する。
前半の第2〜4節では、企業家的ガバナンスの理論的基盤であるアントレプレナーシップ論の要点を概説するほか、3つの機能（監視・資源調達・戦略助言）があり、ライフサイクルの変化に応じて比重を変更すべきであることも述べる。なお、各機能の利用可能性と出力は統治構造を外部のステークホルダーに対して開放化することで高められる。言い換えれば、経営者による意思決定の独立性を部分的に手放すことにより、企業は資源制約を克服しやすくなるのである。
後半の第5〜6節では、ここまでの議論に基づき、企業家的ガバナンスの特徴は（1）資源制約の克服が重点課題であること、（2）監視よりも資源調達と戦略助言の機能を重視する傾向が強いこと、これら2点に要約できることを示す。また、本稿は企業家的ガバナンスを「革新型」と「再生産型」の2タイプに分類するが、どちらもいわゆる「中小企業ガバナンス」とは同義ではないことを述べる。その後、本稿のむすびとして、中小企業における事業承継、あるいはその後の第二創業や経営革新にとって企業家的ガバナンスの実践が重要であることを指摘し、経営者が留意すべき点を示す。

Other URL： https://www.shokosoken.or.jp/shokokinyuu/2022/05/202205_3.pdf

Repository URL： http://hdl.handle.net/10466/0002000067

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Kind of work：Single Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

In recent years, Japanese policymakers have shown increasing interest in medium-sized enterprises (MSEs). However, the latest literature review indicates that a common theoretical perspective is being lost in MSE studies in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to reveal what topics have been mentioned in Japan’s leading economic newspapers, using text-mining methods, and to identify research agendas that MSE studies in the future should address.
The analysis covers 626 articles published in the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (known as Nikkei) and its affiliate newspapers from 1981 to 2020. According to the results of the analysis, the topics that lack adequate academic research despite the practical and policy demands are as follows. 1) Top management related issues, especially the training of executive candidates and recruiting professional managers. 2) Strategic management, including internationalization and growth strategies of companies from medium-sized to large.

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Kind of work：Joint Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

As shown in the AUTM's lifecycle model, technology transfer from universities to the private sector is one major pathway to commercialize scientific discoveries. However, few empirical studies have analyzed the relationship between characteristics of a technology transfer process and commercializing performance. Considering technology transfer as a management phenomenon, this is an important gap to be filled.
Using micro-level data from 39 technology transfer projects, we analyzed the causal conditions that make a new product based on university-originated invention launch to the market. A crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (cs/QCA) is carried out, focusing on the range of TTO's value chain and value-adding activities of licensing associates belonging to the Japanese technology transfer offices. This analysis reveals that the combination of elaborate pre-marketing before a patent application and boundary spanning on product development stage is the key enabler of technology commercialization in Japan.
Our findings suggest that a technology transfer model suited to the Japanese context is different from that common in the United States, often referred to as a "marketing model." Then we name the new one "hands-on model." A unique approach is needed because of the differences in the national innovation ecosystems between these countries.

DOI： 10.11207/soshikikagaku.20211001-1

Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

This paper is a Japanese translation, with some additions and corrections, of the English article published in Organizational Science (組織科学).
This study aims to investigate the effect of different types of technology licensing organizations (TLOs) on university technology transfer performance using national-level data on industry-academia collaboration in Japan. Three types of TLOs were identified based on their organizational structures—internal, external-integrated, and external-extensive. Using Poisson regression and a population-averaged model, two hypotheses were tested with supportive results: universities using an external TLO perform better in terms of patent licensing income than those using an internal TLO; and smaller universities are more likely to perform better with a dedicated, external-integrated TLO. These findings suggest that TLOs should be independent of the university’s bureaucratic system. However, a high degree of proximity for communication with researchers is important.
This study presents implications for government innovation policy, suggesting that universities should be encouraged to select a TLO type that aligns with their needs and objectives and to carefully weigh independence and proximity when choosing a type. It also suggests that researchers should consider the history and reality of each country’s innovation system when analyzing industry-academia collaboration.

DOI： 10.24545/0002000006

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Book review, literature introduction, etc.   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (bulletin of university, research institution)   Kind of work：Joint Work  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (bulletin of university, research institution)   Kind of work：Single Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)   Kind of work：Joint Work   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

It is expected that the inventions created by universities will bring about innovation and contribute to the economic growth of the country and various regions. However, it is difficult to claim from an international perspective that the industry-academia collaboration and technology transfers in Japan are doing enough in activating university research on societal and organizational levels. Through analysis of practice of our second author, who has 19 years of experience with industry-academia collaboration, we tried to elucidate in this research what sort of conditions need to be reached and what sort of technology transfer management needs to be in place for university technology transfers to be put on the market. The results of the analysis showed that the success or failure of university technology transfers being put on the market were greatly influenced by whether research development management was done after licensing on the industrialization process. On the other hand, it was also decided that there is another path (the “praying to god route”). In the future, to advance our country’s industry-academia collaboration and technology transfers, we need to organize the easier route and debate what the best practices are for taking technology transfers to market.

DOI： 10.11207/taaos.8.1_216

CiNii Article

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：University of Technology Sydney, Sydney  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (keynote)  

Venue：Kobe Gakuin University, Port Island Campus  

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：Online  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Business Innovation Center Osaka  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：Online  

Audience： General public,　Company

Type：Lecture

基調講演では、「成長企業の価値創出」と題して、中小企業庁の「中小企業の成長経営の実現に向けた研究会」 の委員でもある 林 侑輝 氏より、中堅・中小企業が飛躍的に成長する上での経営上の様々な課題と、それを解決するための手法について、上記研究会における中間報告の内容も交えつつ解説します。［ウェブサイトより］

Audience： Graduate students,　Teachers,　Researchesrs,　General public

Type：Seminar, workshop

質的研究方法論の文献でQDAソフトが紹介される際には、グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ（GTA）の研究事例を用いて説明される場合が多いようです。しかし、少し冷静になってみると、GTAを通じて概念のカテゴリー化を行うことだけが、QDAソフトを用いた研究の共通のゴールであるとは限りません。例えば、実証的研究を志向する場合のゴールはコーディングを超えた先にあります。ここには需要と供給のちょっとしたミスマッチがあると言え、実際、QDAソフトに関心を持つ方が「コーディングの後で何をすべきか問題」に直面する例は珍しくないと聞きます。
本セミナーでは、こうした「コーディング後迷子症候群」に焦点を当て、特定の研究分野に限定されずに利用できるような道標を立ててみようと思います。その際、政治学や経営学を始めとする社会科学諸分野で関心が高まっている、質的比較分析（QCA）の考え方の基礎についても紹介します。

Audience： Governmental agency

Type：Other

Audience： Graduate students,　Teachers,　Researchesrs,　General public

Type：Seminar, workshop

質的データ分析（qualitative data analysis: QDA）を支援するソフトウェアはCAQDAS（computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software）と総称され、いくつかの定番が存在します。本セミナーでは中でもNVivoとMAXQDAの2つを取り上げ、既存ユーザーの間でぼんやりと共有されながらも、新規ユーザーに向けてあまり明文化されてこなかった情報をお伝えします。

前半では、CAQDASの大小さまざまな活用事例を経験談に基づいて10件ほど紹介します。インタビューの文字起こしや実地調査のフィールドノートといった一次データはもちろんのこと、先行研究や有価証券報告書のような二次データを扱ったプロジェクトも含まれます。そして、それぞれの分析アプローチ、対象データ、使用ソフトとその役割に加えて、作成したコードの数といった最終的な成果物には反映されない部分までお見せします。

後半では、CAQDASを選び、そして分析プロセスへ気負いなく導入するためのコツとして、以下の3点を掘り下げてお話します。（1）QDAをワンストップ化“できる”からといって“しなければならない”わけではないこと。（2）機能差によってNVivoとMAXQDAを選ぶことが難しいときには、いくつかの感覚的な基準を検討してみるとよいこと。（3）CAQDASを普段使いするという選択肢があること。

Audience： General public,　Governmental agency

Type：Promotional material

Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

セッションⅡ「最新の実証研究から考える日本のアカデミック・アントレプレナーシップの課題と可能性」

発表者：
元橋 一之氏（東京大学先端科学技術研究センター教授）
池内 健太氏（独立行政大学法人経済産業研究所上席研究員）
隅藏 康一氏（政策大学院大学教授）
佐々木 達郎氏（文部科学省科学技術・学術政策研究所主任研究官）
坂井 貴行氏（神戸大学バリュースクール教授）

司会・討論者：
正城 敏博氏（大阪大学共創機構教授）
加藤浩氏（日本大学産官学連携知財センター副センター長）
林侑輝氏（大阪公立大学大学院経営学研究科准教授）
山田 仁一郎氏（京都大学経営管理大学院教授）