Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Unresectable oral melanoma is often treated with radiation therapy (RT) and may show a temporary response to therapy. The clinical stage is one of the well-known prognostic factors for canine oral melanoma. However, the factors that directly affect the response to RT have remained unclear. This study aimed to validate the risk factors for recurrence after RT. Sixty-eight dogs with oral melanomas were included in this study. All dogs were treated with palliative RT using a linear accelerator without adjuvant therapies. After RT, the time to local recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the log-rank test. As a result, clinical stage and response to therapy were the significant independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. The presence of local bone lysis and non-combination with cytoreductive surgery were associated with a worse response to RT. Immunohistochemical analysis for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α indicated that tumor cells invading the bone are under hypoxic conditions, which may explain a poorer efficiency of RT in dogs with bone lysis. In conclusion, clinical stage and combination with debulking surgery were needed to improve the efficiency of RT.

DOI： 10.3390/vetsci10010004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is expressed in several cancers under intratumoral hypoxic stress that arises during pathogenic processes, resulting in malignant progression. We previously reported that hypoxic stimulation enhances the growth potential of canine lymphoma cells by activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway. In contrast, evofosfamide (Evo) releases a DNA-alkylating moiety within hypoxic tumor regions, suggesting that Evo could serve as a hypoxia-targeting drug in canine lymphoma. This study aimed to use Evo to evaluate hypoxia-targeted therapy in dogs with gastrointestinal lymphoma (GIL) and investigate how Evo affects antitumor efficacy and adverse events in three type of murine xenograft models using T-cell GIL cells. In vitro tests, the sensitivity to Evo of three T-cell GIL cell lines under hypoxic culture was significantly higher than that under normoxic culture. Our metabolic analysis suggested that the three murine models might have high reproducibility as clinical cases in canine GIL. Our data showed that Evo showed significantly higher tumor growth potential and fewer adverse events in three type of murine models compared to lomustine; CeeNu (CCNU). Additionally, Evo suppressed the expression of HIF-1α protein in tumor tissues, suggesting that it may preferentially target and inhibit tumor cells in a hypoxic region. The evidence presented here supports the favorable preclinical evaluation that Evo may be effective for GIL in dogs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.11.003

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

A 5-month-old intact female mixed cat presented with repetitive paraplegia and drainage of pus from the back despite continuous antibiotic medication. Neurologic examination was consistent with below T3-L3 myelopathy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhanced mass in the L1-3 spinal canal, and bone fragments in the T13 and L1 spinal canal. Spinal epidural empyema was suspected, and hemilaminectomy was performed for T12-L2 on the right side and T11-12 on the left side. Bone fragments were diagnosed as sequestrum infected with Bacteroides sp. The cat recovered enough to ambulate next day. One month after surgery, there was no deficit in neurological function. This is the first report of spinal epidural empyema concurrent with sequestrum in a cat.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.22-0264

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/vms3.930

Other URL： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/vms3.930

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is activated in response to oxygen deficiency, and is expressed in several cancers under intratumoral hypoxic stress that arises during pathogenic processes. Hypoxic stimulation enhanced the growth potential of canine lymphoma cells by activating the HIF-1 alpha signalling pathway in a previously reported study. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular design strategy for a novel hypoxia-targeting therapy for intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ITL) in dogs. We assessed the relationship between immunohistochemistry-based HIF-1 alpha expression and clinical information, including signalment, tumour area, clinical signs, systemic diseases, treatment protocol, follow-up information, chemotherapy response and overall survivals (OS), using 48 tissue samples from dogs with ITL. We investigated the effects of hypoxic stimulation on the biological behaviour of cell lines from three different types of canine ITL. We assessed the effects of evofosfamide (Evo; hypoxia-activated prodrug) on cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions. Our data showed that treatment response and overall survival might be significantly decreased in dogs with higher HIF-1 alpha expression than in those with lower HIF-1 alpha expression. Hypoxic culture (1% O-2, 72 h) enhanced the invasiveness of cell lines and decreased their sensitivity to CCNU, resulting in hypoxia-dependent aggressive behaviour. Sensitivity to Evo significantly increased in cell lines cultured under hypoxia compared with those cultured under normoxia, which exhibited hypoxia-dependent apoptosis. Additionally, Evo downregulated HIF-1 alpha expression in cell lines cultured under hypoxia, suggesting that Evo might inhibit cell growth by inactivating HIF-1 alpha-dependent cell signalling. Our results revealed the preclinical antitumor activity of Evo and provide a rationale for treatment strategies for dogs with ITL.

DOI： 10.1111/vco.12855

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 10-year-old, male Boston terrier was presented with chronic haematemesis and melena. On computed tomography, a mass arising from the gall bladder was observed to be homogeneous and strongly enhanced compared with surrounding liver in the arterial phase. The attenuation of lesion around the mass in the gall bladder showed 60 Hounsfield units and no contrast enhancement. Endoscopic examination revealed haemorrhage around the duodenal papilla. Surgery revealed that the gall bladder was filled with a blood clot originating from the mass. Histopathology of the mass in the gall bladder revealed it to be a carcinoid tumour. The dog survived and remained disease-free for 45 months without adjuvant chemotherapy.

DOI： 10.1002/vrc2.420

Other URL： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/vrc2.420

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 12-year-old Yorkshire terrier was referred for epileptic seizures and nasal discharge. The fluid was clear and serous. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was suspected, based on clinical signs and MRI findings. In humans, analysis of nasal secretions to determine the concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin has been widely used clinically in order to confirm the presence of CSF rhinorrhea. The glucose concentration in the nasal discharge was 74 mg/dL. Serum-type and brain-type isoforms of transferrin were detectable in the nasal sample. The concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin could be useful for diagnosing CSF rhinorrhea.

DOI： 10.3389/fvets.2022.845809

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

Published studies describing outcomes for cats with nasal lymphoma (NLSA) receiving first-line palliative radiation (PRT) versus PRT after chemotherapy failure are currently lacking. The aims of this retrospective observational study were to compare outcomes for cats with NLSA that were treated with these two methods. A total of 48 cats were included in analyses; 32 receiving PRT alone and 16 receiving PRT after chemotherapy failure. The treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and incidence rate of systemic disease were compared between the two groups. The overall response rate (ORR) was calculated from the same target lesions between pre-RT (within a week before starting PRT) and post-RT (on date of PRT completion) by computed tomography (CT) imaging. The ORR was 94% in cats that received PRT alone, 13 had a complete response (CR) and 17 had a partial response (PR). The ORR was 88% in cats that received PRT after chemotherapy failure, with five having CR and nine with PR. There were no significant differences in the ORR between the two groups. The PFS, DSS, and OS significantly increased in the cats that received PRT alone compared to the cats that received PRT after chemotherapy failure (median PFS: 336 vs 228 days, P = 0.0012, median DSS: 360 vs 242 days, P = 0.0025, median OS: 346 vs 242 days, P = 0.0036, respectively). The incidence rate of systemic disease significantly increased in 75% (12/16) of cats receiving PRT after chemotherapy failure compared to 41% (13/32) of cats receiving PRT alone. The results suggested that clinical outcomes may improve in cats with NLSA with first-line PRT compared to PRT after chemotherapy failure.

DOI： 10.1111/vru.13075

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Although triple-phase computed tomography is used for differentiating canine liver neoplasms, there is limited information on the computed tomography features of cholangiocellular carcinoma. This retrospective case series assessed the computed tomography features of nine canine cholangiocellular carcinomas. The following computed tomography features were recorded: lesion shape (massive, multiple nodular or diffuse lesions), lesion location, rim enhancement (present or absent), enhancement pattern (stable, progressive or washout), lymphadenopathy (presence or absence) and pulmonary metastasis (presence or absence). Massive lesions, multiple nodular lesions and diffuse lesions were detected in two (22%), five (56%) and two (22%) patients, respectively. Rim enhancement in the arterial phase was observed in eight (89%) patients. Progressive enhancement was detected in six (67%) of the patients. Rim enhancement in the arterial phase and progressive enhancement may be characteristic of cholangiocellular carcinoma in dogs.

DOI： 10.1002/vrc2.303

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/vms3.840

Other URL： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/vms3.840

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

BACKGROUND: Triple-phase CT and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI have been used to differentiate hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in dogs. METHODS: This retrospective case series aimed to compare the CT findings with MRI findings of 20 canine hepatocellular lesions, including eight poorly/moderately-differentiated HCCs, eight well-differentiated HCCs and four hyperplasias. CT data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: vessel enhancement, enhancement pattern in the equilibrium phase, maximal transverse diameter, the lowest enhancement, and the attenuation values of each hepatocellular lesion in the precontrast and triple-phase series, including the arterial phase, portal phase and equilibrium phase. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensities of each hepatocellular lesion on T2-weighted images and T1-weighted images, and signal intensity ratio of the hepatocellular lesions in the hepatobiliary phase. RESULTS: In 62.5% of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC and 75% of well-differentiated HCC, presumptive necrosis was detected on CT and MRI. In the hepatobiliary phase on MRI, the median signal intensity ratio of poorly/moderately-differentiated HCC (0.54 [range: 0.3-0.71]) was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated HCC (0.75 [range: 0.6-0.96]) and hyperplasia (0.79 [range: 071-0.98]; p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI may be a superior modality for differentiating hepatocellular origin lesions.

DOI： 10.1002/vetr.1083

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

CASE SERIES SUMMARY: The ultrasonographic findings of many feline intestinal tumours are similar. This study evaluated the CT features of intermediate- and high-grade alimentary lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in cats. CT was performed on six cats with adenocarcinoma and 14 cats with lymphoma. Comparisons between tumour types were conducted, focusing on CT features, including obstruction (present or absent), growth patterns of lesions (symmetry or asymmetry), layering enhancement (present or absent), location of the lesion, number of lesions (solitary or multiple), lymphadenopathy (present or absent), location of lymphadenopathy, pulmonary metastasis (present or absent) and maximum thickness (mm) of the lesion. The cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 5/6 [83%]) experienced intestinal obstruction significantly more often than cats with lymphoma (n = 0/14 [0%]; P = 0.0004). Layering enhancement was observed significantly more often in cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 6/6 [100%]) than in cats with lymphoma (n = 1/14 [7%]; P = 0.0002). Lymphadenopathy was detected significantly more often in cats with lymphoma (n = 14/14 [100%]) than in cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 2/6 [33%]) (P = 0.003). In cats with lymphoma, the intestine (12.1 ± 3.9 mm) was significantly thicker than that in cats with adenocarcinoma (6.4 ± 2.3 mm; P = 0.005). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: To the best of our knowledge, no reports have described the characteristics of feline intestinal tumours using CT. Layering enhancement was observed in cats with intestinal adenocarcinomas. No layering enhancement was observed in alimentary lymphoma in cats, but enlarged regional nodes were noted. Lesions with lymphoma were thicker than those with adenocarcinoma. These findings may help differentiate between adenocarcinomas and lymphomas.

DOI： 10.1177/1098612X211046847

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background: In dogs, hepatic lymphoma is characterized by neoplastic lymphocyte infiltration into the liver. Reports on the computed tomography (CT) findings of the liver for canine hepatic lymphoma are few, with only one study of multiple liver lesions type.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the CT findings of the liver in canine diffuse hepatic lymphoma.Methods: As control, five dogs without abnormalities in the liver were included. CT data were analysed, and the following were noted: presence of edge bluntness of the liver, presence of periportal collar sign, the liver size:body weight (BW) ratio and the mean attenuation of liver lesions on pre-contrast, arterial-phase, portal-phase and equilibrium-phase post-contrast images.Results: On CT examination, edge bluntness of the liver was significantly detected in lymphoma (4/5, 80%), as opposed to the control (0/5, 0%) (p = 0.048, phi = 0.82). The periportal collar sign was detected in lymphoma (3/5, 60%), as opposed to the control (0/5, 0%) (p = 0.17, phi = 0.65). The liver size:BW ratio of lymphoma cases was significantly higher compared to that of the control cases (p = 0.0002, r = 0.92). The mean Hounsfield unit of lymphoma cases in the pre-contrast, arterial-phase, portalphase and equilibrium-phase images were significantly lower than in the control cases (p = 0.005, r = 0.81; p = 0.0003, r = 0.91; p = 0.01, r = 0.75 and p = 0.02, r = 0.71, respectively).Conclusions: Hepatic lymphoma should be a differential for a blunted and enlarged liver with hypoattenuation on CT examination.

DOI： 10.1002/vms3.598

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

A 13-year-old, female, mixed-breed dog with a huge cranial mediastinal mass underwent radiotherapy (RT). On the following day, the dog presented with lethargy and anorexia. Hematological examination revealed elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase, decreased calcium level, and metabolic acidosis. Urine output markedly decreased. The patient recovered with fluid therapy and diuretic therapy; however, died suddenly from an unknown cause 11 days after RT completion. Histopathological examination after necropsy showed thymoma in the cranial mediastinum and extensive tubular necrosis of both kidneys which may be due to RT-induced TLS. This report suggests that the risk of TLS should be evaluated in dogs with thymoma who undergo RT.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.20-0656

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

This study aimed to determine a reliable therapeutic biomarker for localized small intestinal lymphoma (SIL) in dogs based on clinical and histopathological features. We retrospectively investigated 84 dogs with localized SIL, including 36 dogs receiving surgery and 48 dogs receiving chemotherapy. The dogs receiving surgery were divided into two subgroups: 18 dogs (group 1) with overall survival (OS) <120 days (median OS) and 18 dogs (group 2) with OS ≥120 days. Correspondingly, the dogs receiving chemotherapy were divided into 24 dogs (group 3) with OS <98 days (median OS) and 24 dogs (group 4) with OS ≥98 days. Clinical, haematological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were comparatively evaluated among the four subgroups. There was no significant difference in OS between the surgery and chemotherapy groups. In dogs receiving surgery, the rate of Ki67-positive cells was significantly increased in group 1 compared to group 2 and showed no significant difference between groups 3 and 4. In dogs receiving chemotherapy, the rate of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 4 and showed no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. Additionally, our data showed that OS in dogs with higher Ki67 expression might be significantly increased by chemotherapy than by surgery, that of those with higher MGMT expression might be significantly increased by surgery than by chemotherapy, and Ki67 and MGMT were independent of each other. Indices of Ki67 and MGMT are suggested therapeutic biomarkers to determine the optimal first-line treatment for localized SIL in dogs.

DOI： 10.1111/vco.12653

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Differential diagnosis of rectal neoplasms is necessary to determine an appropriate treatment plan. In humans, computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate colorectal neoplasms. This retrospective study assessed the CT features of canine rectal neoplasms, including seventeen inflammatory polyps, six adenocarcinomas, three B-cell lymphomas and four leiomyomas on triple-phase CT. A mass lesion was observed in all seventeen cases of inflammatory polyps (100%), two of six adenocarcinomas (33%), and all four cases of leiomyoma (100%). Wall thickening was observed in four of six (67%) adenocarcinoma cases and all three (100%) lymphoma cases. The leiomyoma was more likely to show obstruction than inflammatory polyps, adenocarcinomas, and lymphomas. Homogeneous enhancement was detected in zero of seventeen (0%) inflammatory polyp cases, two of six (33%) adenocarcinoma cases, all three (100%) lymphoma cases, and all four (100%) leiomyoma cases in all post contrast phases. Lymphadenopathy was detected in three adenocarcinoma cases (50%) and three lymphoma cases (100%). Inflammatory polyps indicated a heterogeneous radial-enhancement mass. Leiomyomas indicated a homogeneous enhancement mass with bowel obstruction. In wall thickening lesions, adenocarcinoma indicated two-layer thickened annular lesions and lymphoma indicated homogeneous thickened annular lesions but less enhancement than the mucosa. These findings may help confirm the diagnosis and reduce the use of invasive biopsy procedures.

DOI： 10.14943/jjvr.69.3.163

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

Background: Gadoxetate sodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is taken into hepatocytes and excreted into the bile. Hepatocytes with reduced function or dysfunction due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis or hepatic fibrosis show impaired Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake. The purpose of the present retrospective case series was to assess the relationship between liver function and contrast enhancement using Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI. Methods: Sixteen dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease, including six with HCC, three with nodular hyperplasia, two with hepatocellular adenoma, two with liver fibrosis and three with hepatitis were included in the study along with three dogs with suspected liver disease but no histopathological diagnosis of liver disease. Relative signal intensities (RSI) of the common bile duct and gall bladder were calculated, and their relationship with the following serum biochemical parameters was assessed: total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin (Alb). To assess anatomical liver function, relative contrast enhancement indices (RCEI) of the liver were calculated, and differences were assessed between normal and diseased liver. Results: RSI showed no significant differences between dogs without and with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease (P=0.88) although they were significantly correlated with Alb (ρ=0.57, P=0.02) in dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease. RCEI was significantly higher in normal liver tissue than that in livers with hepatitis/fibrosis (P=0.048) and HCC (P=0.03) but not nodular hyperplasia/hepatocellular adenoma (P=0.51). Conclusions: Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI may be potentially useful in the assessment of anatomical liver function in dogs with liver disease.

DOI： 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000371

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

BACKGROUND: Toceranib phosphate (TOC) could be made widely available for treating tumors in dogs if evidence shows that TOC inhibits recurrence after surgery. OBJECTIVES: To investigate how postoperative adjuvant treatment with TOC modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME), by assessing effects on angiogenic activity, tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and intratumoral hypoxia. ANIMALS: Ninety-two client-owned dogs were included: 28 with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, 24 with small intestinal adenocarcinoma, 22 with lung adenocarcinoma, and 18 with renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter study comparing time to progression (TTP) between 42 dogs treated by surgery and TOC and 50 dogs treated by surgery alone. Differences were analyzed in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and the number of Foxp3+ Tregs and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α+ cells in tumor tissues sampled at the first and second (recurrence) surgeries. RESULTS: Median TTP for dogs treated by surgery and TOC (360 days) was higher than that for dogs treated by surgery alone (298 days; hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.96; P = .02). In dogs treated by surgery and TOC, VEGFR2 expression and the number of Tregs and HIF-1α+ cells were significantly lower in tissues sampled at the second surgery than in those sampled after the first surgery. In dogs treated by surgery alone, significant differences were found between samples from the 2 surgeries. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Toceranib phosphate could prove to be a useful postoperative adjuvant treatment because of its modulation of the TME.

DOI： 10.1111/jvim.15768

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

OBJECTIVE: To measure expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from plasma for dogs with glioma and dogs with other brain diseases. SAMPLE: Plasma samples from 11 dogs with glioma and 19 control dogs with various other brain diseases. PROCEDURES: EVs were isolated from plasma samples by means of ultracentrifugation. Expression of 4 candidate reference miRNAs (let-7a, miR-16, miR-26a, and miR-103) and 4 candidate target miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-342-3p) was quantified with reverse transcription PCR assays. Three software programs were used to select the most suitable reference miRNAs from among the 4 candidate reference miRNAs. Expression of the 4 target miRNAs was then calculated relative to expression of the reference genes in plasma and EVs, and relative expression was compared between dogs with glioma and control dogs with other brain diseases. RESULTS: The most suitable reference miRNAs were miR-16 for plasma and let-7a for EVs. Relative expression of miR-15b in plasma and in EVs was significantly higher in dogs with glioma than in control dogs. Relative expression of miR-342-3p in EVs was significantly higher in dogs with glioma than in control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that miR-15b and miR-342-3p have potential as noninvasive biomarkers for differentiating glioma from other intracranial diseases in dogs. However, more extensive analysis of expression in specific glioma subtypes and grades, compared with expression in more defined control populations, will be necessary to assess their clinical relevance.

DOI： 10.2460/ajvr.81.4.355

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

In dogs, diagnosis of prostate cancer is often delayed because clinical signs are not pathognomonic. Although ultrasonography is mainly performed to detect prostate cancer, the ultrasonographic appearance is not specific. In humans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used to localize the prostate tumour. To our knowledge, there are no studies of MRI findings for detecting or localizing prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI findings of prostate cancer. As a control, three prostate hyperplasia cases were included. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensity (SI) of prostate lesion on T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted imaging and DWI, enhancement pattern of prostate lesion, and relative contrast enhancement indices (RCEI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of prostate lesion. For MRI examination, the mean RCEI of the adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that of hyperplasia (P = .01, r = .8). The SI of the DWI of adenocarcinoma was significantly higher compared to hyperplasia (P = .03, φ = 1). The mean ADC values of the adenocarcinoma were significantly lower than that of hyperplasia (P = .03, r = .82). Thus, less enhancement on MRI, and low ADC value on MRI may help to detect prostate adenocarcinoma.

DOI： 10.1111/vco.12578

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：Domestic journal  

A cat was referred because of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Close examinations revealed a swollen abdominal lymph node and multiple nodules of the liver. Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis infection was confirmed by culture and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of samples recovered from the liver and bronchoalveolar lavage. After administration of combination antibiotics for 6 months, culture results were negative. Though atonic seizures were observed during the treatment, it disappeared after isoniazid discontinuation and pyridoxal phosphate administration. On day 771 of illness, no clinical signs, lung diseases, or obvious swelling of lymph nodes was observed. This is the first report to confirm Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis infection in cats through gene analysis and to completely cure it with combination antibiotics.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.19-0492

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

In veterinary medicine, abdominal ultrasonography is used to rank the differential diagnosis of renal lesions. However, a conventional sonographic examination may show nonspecific findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of canine renal tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), lymphoma, and hemangiosarcoma (HSA). In this retrospective study, the following CT parameters were recorded for each dog: 1) extent of renal involvement of tumors, 2) enhancement pattern, 3) number of renal tumors, 4) renal tumor vessel enhancement in the corticomedullary phase, 5) presence of lymphadenopathy and lung metastasis, and 6) attenuation values of the renal tumors on the pre- and post-contrast corticomedullary, nephrographic, and excretory phase images. Fifteen dogs met the inclusion criteria, of which nine had RCCs, four had lymphomas, and two had HSAs. RCCs tended to show heterogeneous enhancement and unilateral renal involvement, and vessel enhancement was detected in the corticomedullary phase in dogs with RCC. Conversely, renal lymphomas showed homogeneous enhancement, bilateral renal involvement, and multiple masses; in these dogs, no vessel enhancement was detected in the corticomedullary phase, and the incidence of lymphadenopathy was low. However, in dogs with lymphadenopathy, the renal lymphoma was associated with regionally severe lymphadenopathy. Finally, renal HSAs tended to show heterogeneous enhancement with a non-enhanced area and unilateral renal involvement; in these dogs, vessel enhancement was detected in the nephrographic phase, with the enhancement expanding around the vessel. These findings had no significant differences. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to examine the association between CT and histopathological findings.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0225211

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

OBJECTIVES: Ultrasonography can detect extrahepatic biliary obstructions. However, visualisation of part of the bile duct using ultrasonography can be technically difficult if there is overlying bowel gas. This study investigated the safety and value of drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC-CT) in the visualisation of the bile duct in healthy cats and extrahepatic biliary obstruction in cats with cholelithiasis. METHODS: DIC-CT was performed in three healthy cats and two cats with cholelithiasis. Meglumine iotroxate was administered by intravenous drip infusion over 30 mins. The attenuation value was measured perpendicular to the lumen by a region of interest covering about 50% of the area of the lumen. RESULTS: The bile ducts were visualised successfully with DIC-CT in all healthy cats without any significant adverse events. The attenuation value of the contrast medium was 271 ± 37 HU. In the two cats with cholelithiasis, the presence or absence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction was determined using DIC-CT without any significant adverse events. The attenuation value of cholelithiasis in the cat with an extrahepatic biliary obstruction was 933 ± 119 HU. In the cat with no extrahepatic biliary obstruction, the attenuation value of the contrast medium was 249 ± 53 HU and the attenuation value of cholelithiasis was 167 ± 28 HU. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: DIC-CT visualises bile ducts and detects obstructive biliary disease without significant adverse events. Therefore, it appears to be a safe procedure for visualisation of the bile duct in cats.

DOI： 10.1177/1098612X17738615

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

CASE SUMMARY: This report involves a 10-year-old male mixed-breed cat with a B-cell central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The cat presented with ataxia progressing to left hemiparesis. While haematological findings were normal, serum biochemistry showed a high creatine phosphokinase concentration. MRI revealed a homogeneously enhancing well-demarcated extra-axial lesion involving the region of the left lateral aperture with oedema in left flocculus and left medulla oblongata. On diffusion-weighted imaging, the lesion margins showed marked hyperintensity relative to the right cerebellar hemisphere. On an apparent diffusion coefficient map, the lesion appeared hypointense, with an apparent diffusion coefficient value of 0.57 ± 0.01 × 10-3 mm2/s. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and cytology, and genetic analysis of CSF lymphoblasts confirmed a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. The owner opted for palliative treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg q12h); however, the cat died of dyspnoea 10 days after presentation. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: CNS lymphomas, which are the second most common intracranial tumours in cats, are highly infiltrative lesions and radical surgical excision is not recommended. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial. However, contrast-enhanced MRI cannot always differentiate these lesions from other conditions, including other CNS tumours and strokes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the diffusion-weighted imaging features and apparent diffusion coefficient value for a feline CNS lymphoma. These findings are expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of these lesions in cats.

DOI： 10.1177/2055116917750762

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   International / domestic magazine：International journal  

The circle of Willis (CW) supplies blood to the brain. In humans, anatomical variations in the CW are an important risk factor for transient ischaemic attack and stroke. In canines, anatomical variations in the CW have not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine anatomical variations in the CW in dogs by magnetic resonance angiography. Normal configuration of the CW was observed in 82%, aplasia of the precommunicating segment of the rostral cerebral artery was observed in 14%, and aplasia of the rostral communicating artery was observed in 4% of dogs included in the study.

DOI： 10.1111/ahe.12390

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<p>A 12-year-old male miniature dachshund weighing 5.2 kg presented with a mass in the liver. The dog had a previous history of pancreatitis. At the referral (Day 1), the dog had a low vitality. The hematological examination showed hyperleukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. The blood biochemical analysis showed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The blood coagulation test was unremarkable. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed two heterogeneous masses in the spleen and an isoechoic mass in the liver. On Day 2, a complete splenectomy and resection of the hepatic mass were performed. The two splenic masses were abscesses and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was identified in the purulent fluid. The histopathological diagnosis of the hepatic mass was nodular hyperplasia. In this case, it was suspected that the splenic abscesses were formed secondary to the underlying pancreatitis.</p>

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.70.114

CiNii Article

Other URL： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010910497

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1136/vr.101238

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

The aim of this study was to evaluate MHC class I expression and prognosis using tumor tissues surgically removed from 9 dogs with mammary gland carcinomas and from 13 dogs with complex carcinomas. We assessed MHC class I expression and its correlation with tumor size, B2M expression, infiltration of lymphocytes, histological grade and prognosis. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were histologically graded using the Elston and Ellis grading method. MHC class I expression on tumor cells was evaluated using the avidinbiotin peroxidase complex method. Loss of MHC class I expression from canine mammary gland carcinomas was significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P&lt
0.05). Loss of MHC class I expression showed no association with poor prognosis in canine mammary gland complex carcinomas, because the data were not balanced. Only 1 of 13 (7.6%) canine mammary gland complex carcinomas showed loss of MHC class I expression. All 13 of these dogs showed good prognosis. Thus, the low frequency of MHC class I expression loss from canine mammary gland complex carcinomas may be associated with good prognosis. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of MHC class I expression may be associated with poor prognosis in canine mammary gland carcinomas. © 2013 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.13-0080

PubMed

J-GLOBAL

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is used as a biomarker to understand the clinical features of pulmonary diseases and associated prognostic indices in human medicine. This study was conducted to investigate whether or not serum SP-A concentration can be used as a biomarker for identifying pulmonary parenchymal diseases in dogs. Thirty-two dogs with pulmonary parenchymal diseases, 34 with nonrespiratory diseases and 57 healthy dogs were included. Serum SP-A concentration was measured in all dogs using sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-dog SP-A polyclonal antibody. Median serum SP-A concentration in healthy dogs was &lt
2.0 ng/ml, whereas that in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (n=11), primary lung tumors (n=9) and blunt traumatic lung injury (BTLI
n=12) was 3.1, 7.2 and 2.6 ng/ml, respectively
these values were significantly higher than those in healthy dogs. The serum SP-A concentration in dogs with nonrespiratory diseases was comparable with that in healthy dogs. No correlation was observed between the serum SP-A and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with aspiration pneumonia and BTLI. There was a significant correlation between the serum SP-A concentration and thoracic radiographic changes in dogs with BTLI. These findings suggest that the serum SP-A concentration may be a useful clinical biomarker of alveolar damage that can be used for differential diagnosis of pulmonary parenchymal diseases and nonrespiratory diseases in dogs. © 2013 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.

DOI： 10.1292/jvms.12-0255

PubMed

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 5-month-old male Abyssinian presented with right hemiplegia. Cervical radiographs, haematology and serum biochemistry were normal. A foreign body was identified on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Removal of the foreign body was carried out via a dorsal approach between the occipital bone and the C1 vertebral body using intra-operative CT. No complications were encountered. Thirty days after surgery, the cat was ambulatory.

DOI： 10.1177/1098612X11429232

PubMed

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

CiNii Article

Other URL： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2013041481

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The reactivity of different lectins with crude chromogranin A (CgA) obtained from different animals, namely, cow, horse, dog, pig, and dolphin, was examined to identify lectin(s) that would be useful as coating reagent(s) in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the different lectins studied, the Amaranthus caudatus lectin (ACA), which is specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-antigen (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc), was found to react with the CgA from different animals by western blotting. Purified rabbit anti-bovine CgA antibody was also found to cross-react with the crude CgA preparations. On the basis of these findings, a sandwich ELISA was developed with ACA as the coating reagent and anti-bovine CgA antibody as the probing antibody. Using this method, concentration-dependent curves ranging from 0.003 mu g/mL to 25 mu g/mL and from 0.02 mu g/mL to 25 mu g/mL were obtained for bovine CgA and canine CgA, respectively. Similarly, concentration-dependent curves were obtained for the equine, swine, and dolphin crude CgA extracts. Thus, ACA is concluded to be a valuable reagent for CgA detection in crude extracts from different animal species, and for CgA isolation/purification. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.024

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

A 21-month-old male American cocker spaniel presented with depression, anorexia, and ataxia. Plasma biochemical abnormalities included elevations of ALT, TP, Glb, and Ca. CBC abnormalities included anemia and leukopenia. Moreover, the serum protein electrophoretogram indicated monoclonal gammopathy. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone marrow aspirate analysis indicated bone lysis resulting from multiple myeloma and compression of the spinal cord. The patient showed no clinical response (improvement in leukopenia and levels of TP and Ca) to therapy with cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisone,but responded quickly to vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD chemotherapy in field of medicine). Moreover, the patient's quality of life improved. Nonetheless, on day 103 of the illness, the patient died of tetraplegia and dyspnea.

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.63.797

CiNii Article

J-GLOBAL

Other URL： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010800281

Authorship：Lead author  

A 10-year-old female Golden Retriever was presented with depression and seizure. This case showed the high value of CPK in blood biochemistry test. The tumor was detected in the frontal lobe by the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. The tumor was removed by craniotomy and diagnosed histologically as a meningothelial meningioma. Although the recurrence was observed at 638 days, this case survived for 707 days after the operation.<br>

DOI： 10.2327/jvas.41.29

CiNii Article

J-GLOBAL

Other URL： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010812201

It is well known that the ultrasonically activated instrument is useful for general and laparoscopic surgery in human medicine. In veterinary medicine, there are few informations about the application of this instrument. This report introduced how to use the ultrasonically activated instrument, Harmonic Scalpel<SUP>&reg;</SUP> (Johnson & Johnson K.K.), for small animal surgical procedures. The report also showed some cases operated with the instrument.

DOI： 10.2327/jvas.34.71

CiNii Article

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author  

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author  

Authorship：Lead author  

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)